Home oxygen for children: who, how and when?

A review of the specific requirements of home oxygen therapy in children which attempts to offer guidance to clinicians and service providers

Randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of inhaled fluticasone propionate in infants with chronic lung disease

In a double blind randomised controlled trial, 30 infants with chronic lung disease received fluticasone propionate or placebo for one year. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in the incidence of any day or night time symptoms or any other outcome measure

Approaching the Hartree-Fock Limit Through the CABS Singles Correction and Auxiliary Basis Sets

Auxiliary basis sets for use in the resolution of the identity (RI) approximation in explicitly correlated methods are presented for the elements H–Ar. These extend the cc-pVnZ-F12/OptRI (n = D–Q) auxiliary basis sets of Peterson and coworkers by the addition of a small number of s- and p-functions, optimized so as to yield the great- est complementary auxiliary basis set (CABS) singles correction to the Hartree-Fock energy. The new sets, denoted OptRI+, also lead to a reduction in errors due to the RI approximation and hence an improvement in correlation energies. The atomization energies and heats of formation for a test set of small molecules, and spectroscopic constants for 27 diatomics, calculated at the CCSD(T)-F12b level, are shown to have improved error distributions for the new auxiliary basis sets with negligible additional effort. The OptRI+ sets retain all of the desirable properties of the original OptRI, including the production of smooth potential energy surfaces, whilst maintaining a compact nature

The mineral resources of the English Channel and Thames Estuary

This report accompanies the Marine mineral resource map the marine sand and gravel resources of the English Channel and Thames Estuary (Bide et al, 2012). It has been published as part of the research project Mineral Resource Assessment of the UK Continental Shelf commissioned by The Crown Estate. The map is one of a series that covers the UK Continental Shelf (UKCS). Knowledge of mineral resources is essential for effective and sustainable planning decisions. The marine mineral resource maps provide a comprehensive, relevant and accessible information base. This information will allow all stakeholders (planners, industry and members of the public) to visualise the distribution of offshore minerals to a common standard and at a common scale, an important requirement of an integrated marine planning system. The maps will also facilitate the conservation (safeguarding) of non-renewable mineral resources for future generations in accordance with the principles of sustainable development

European REE resources: alkaline magmatism and beyond

Europe has resources of many of the critical metals, pa rticularly the rare earth el ements (REE); yet economic, environmental and accessibility issues have combined to slow progress toward the explo itation of these resources. The EURARE project, funded by the EU’s Seventh Framework programme, brings together a number of partners from across Europe to assess Europe’s REE resources and to se t the basis for an European REE industry. This talk will describe new research on some of the wide range of potential REE resources within Europe and showcase the diversity of resources available

Validation report for the determination of non-purgeable organic carbon by TOC-V analyser

This report describes the validation of Technical Procedure AGN 2.3.8, Determination of Non- Purgeable Organic Carbon (NPOC), in preparation for accreditation of the analytical method by the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS)

Observation of a Self-Limiting, Shear-Induced Turbulent Inversion Layer Above Marine Stratocumulus

High-resolution measurements of thermodynamic, microphysical, and turbulence properties inside a turbulent inversion layer above a marine stratocumulus cloud layer are presented. The measurements are performed with the helicopter-towed measurement payload Airborne Cloud Turbulence Observation System (ACTOS), which allows for sampling with low true air speeds and steep profiles through cloud top. Vertical profiles show that the turbulent inversion layer consists of clear air above the cloud top, with nearly linear profiles of potential temperature, horizontal wind speed, absolute humidity, and concentration of interstitial aerosol. The layer is turbulent, with an energy dissipation rate nearly the same as that in the lower cloud, suggesting that the two are actively coupled, but with significant anisotropic turbulence at the large scales within the turbulent inversion layer. The turbulent inversion layer is traversed six times and the layer thickness is observed to vary between 37 and 85 m, whereas the potential temperature and horizontal wind speed differences at the top and bottom of the layer remain essentially constant. The Richardson number therefore increases with increasing layer thickness, from approximately 0. 2 to 0. 7, suggesting that the layer develops to the point where shear production of turbulence is sufficiently weak to be balanced by buoyancy suppression. This picture is consistent with prior numerical simulations of the evolution of turbulence in localized stratified shear layers. It is observed that the large eddy scale is suppressed by buoyancy and is on the order of the Ozmidov scale, much less than the thickness of the turbulent inversion layer, such that direct mixing between the cloud top and the free troposphere is inhibited, and the entrainment velocity tends to decrease with increasing turbulent inversion-layer thickness. Qualitatively, the turbulent inversion layer likely grows through nibbling rather than engulfment

The Risk List 2015

The updated risk list provides a simple indication of the relative risk in 2015 to the supply of 41 elements or element groups that we need to maintain our economy and lifestyle. This is an update of a similar assessment carried out in 2011 and 2012. The position of an element on this list is determined by a number of factors that might affect availability. These include the location of current production and reserves, and the political stability of those locations. New for 2015 companion metal fraction production (i.e. the percentage of a metal that is mined as a by-product) has been incorporated into the analysis, whilst scarcity (previously based on crustal abundance figures) has been removed. Data sources used in the compilation of the list are internationally recognised and publicly available

CHPM (Combined Heat, Power and Metal extraction) 2030 deliverable (D1.2): report on data availability for south-west England

This report is a published product of the ‘CHPM2030’ project - an EC - funded, Horizon2020 project which aims to develop a novel and potentially disruptive techn ology solution that can help satisfy the European needs for energy and strategic metals in a single interlinked process. Working at the frontiers of geothermal resources development, minerals extraction and electro - metallurgy, the project aims at convertin g ultra - deep metallic mineral formations into ‘orebody - engineered geothermal systems’ that will serve as a basis for the development of a new type of facility for ‘Combined Heat, Power and Metal extraction’ (CHPM). The project will help provide new impetus to geothermal development in Europe by investigating previously unexplored pathways at low - TRL. This will be achieved by developing a roadmap in support of the pilot implementation of such system before 2025, and full - scale commercial implementation befor e 2030. This will include detailed specifications of a new type of future engineered geothermal system (EGS) facility that is designed and operated from the very beginning as a combined heat, power and metal extraction system. In the technology envisioned , the metal - bearing geological formation will be manipulated in a way that the co - production of thermal energy and metals will be possible. As part of this, we will investigate how fluid chemical conditions can be optimised to facilitate recovery of specif ic metals, anticipating variable market demands at any given moment in the future. Four geographical areas have been chosen for detailed investigation based on pre - existing data and potential for CHPM development in mineralised areas in the United Kingdom (UK), Portugal, Romania and Sweden. This report summarises information relevant to the investigation area in the UK. The project aims to provide proof - of - concept for the following hypotheses: 1. The composition and structure of orebodies have certain advanta ges that could be used to our advantage when developing an EGS; 2. Metals can be leached from the orebodies in high concentrations over a prolonged period of time and may substantially influence the economics of EGS; 3. The continuous leaching of metals will increase system’s performance over time in a controlled way and without having to use high - pressure reservoir stimulation, minimizing potential detrimental impacts of both heat and metal extraction

Correlation consistent basis sets for explicitly correlated wavefunctions : pseudopotential-based basis sets for the group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) and 12 (Zn, Cd, Hg) elements

New correlation consistent basis sets for the group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) and 12 (Zn, Cd, Hg) elements have been developed specifically for use in explicitly correlated F12 calculations. This includes orbital basis sets for valence only (cc-pVnZ-PP-F12, n =D, T, Q) and outer core-valence (cc-pCVnZ-PP-F12) correlation, along with both of these augmented with additional high angular momentum diffuse functions. Matching auxiliary basis sets required for density fitting and resolution-of-the-identity approaches to conventional and F12 integrals have also been optimized. All of the basis sets are to be used in conjunction with small-core relativistic pseudopotentials [Figgen et al., Chem. Phys. 311, 227 (2005)]. The accuracy of the basis sets is determined through benchmark calculation at the explicitly correlated coupled-cluster level of theory for various properties of atoms and diatomic molecules. The convergence of the properties with respect to basis set is dramatically improved compared to conventional coupled-cluster calculations, with cc-pVTZ-PP-F12 results close to conventional estimates of the complete basis set limit. The patterns of convergence are also greatly improved compared to those observed from the use of conventional correlation consistent basis sets in F12 calculations