Inter Agency Cooperation in Crime Management and Its Implication on Workability of Community Policing Project in Nigeria

Mamu is one of the communities that are gradually assuming heterogeneity status as a result of steady migration of people for occupation and settlement purpose.  Mamu is located in Ijebu North Local Government area of Ogun State.  Apart from the influx of settlers, the town has a popular periodic market that always attract people from neighbouring communities as well as people from states like Lagos, Oyo and Ondo States.  In spite of high influx of migrants and traders into this community, it is one of the communities that maintain almost zero level of criminal activities.  The formal and informal agencies were noted as playing substantial roles in the success being recorded in this situation.  Such interactions are the needed requisite for the successful take off of community policing in Nigeria.  In view of the constant scenarios of conflicts among the security agencies in Nigeria, the happenings in this community thus become an irresistible issue that needed to be explored for academic purpose.  The findings from the community survey carried out in the town revealed that there was strong belief in traditional system hence the resolve of some of them (59%) that they will call on vigilante when in trouble; only 13% agreed to call the police when there is trouble in the community.  At the time when some eventually experienced real trouble, only 17% actually called the Police, 55% reported the matter to the Oba-in-council and the vigilante, while 28% did not see the need to report the case.  There was strong working relationship between the Police and Vigilante group.  Activities of vigilante assisted tremendously in making the act of Policing easier.  Those that reported the case to the Police were satisfied with the way the cases were dispensed.  The factors responsible for this according to them include thoroughness, adherence to rule of law and the respect for the cooperation the Police is received from the community.  This study thus demonstrated the high prospects that with political will, the project of community policing could work in Nigeria Key words: Security, Crime, Crime management, Community Policin

Application of ordinal logistic to pregnancy outcomes

This research aimed at modelling a categorial response i.e. pregnancy outcome in terms of some predictors and determine the goodness of fit of the model and thereby proferring useful suggestions and recommendations. Ordinal logistic regression was used as a tool to model the pregnancy outcome(i.e live birth, still birth and abortion) with respect to maternal ages, health status, marital status, literacy level, parity, antenatal care, cesarean section,previous surgery and fetal weight. The data of 100 preganant women were gotten from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti. The study showed that pregnancy outcomes are greatly affected by antenatal care, previous surgery and fetal weight. The study showed that the estimated odd is 19.2 times in favour of individuals that attended Antenatal (i.e. they are 19 times more likely to have livebirth compared to those who did not attend antenatal care). Keyworks: Pregnancy,ordinal logistic regression, probability, catagorical data.

Application of ordinal logistic to pregnancy outcomes

This research aimed at modelling a categorial response i.e. pregnancy outcome in terms of some predictors and determine the goodness of fit of the model and thereby proferring useful suggestions and recommendations. Ordinal logistic regression was used as a tool to model the pregnancy outcome(i.e live birth, still birth and abortion) with respect to maternal ages, health status, marital status, literacy level, parity, antenatal care, cesarean section,previous surgery and fetal weight. The data of 100 preganant women were gotten from Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti. The study showed that pregnancy outcomes are greatly affected by antenatal care, previous surgery and fetal weight. The study showed that the estimated odd is 19.2 times in favour of individuals that attended Antenatal (i.e. they are 19 times more likely to have livebirth compared to those who did not attend antenatal care). Keyworks: Pregnancy,ordinal logistic regression, probability, catagorical data.

Effect of Processing Techniques on the Degradability Characteristics of Acacia Acacia hockii) Leaf

This experiment was conducted at the Federal University Dutsin-ma Livestock Teaching and Research Farm in Dutsin-ma Local Government area of Katsina State, Nigeria. The study was meant to ascertain the effect of processing techniques on crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation characteristics of three differently processed Acacia hockii leaf meal (ensiled (T1), sun dried (T2) and fresh (T30) incubated in the rumen of five rams at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48hrs. Acacia hockii leaves were collected from Dutsin-ma town and used in the  experiment as as fresh leaves, sun-dried and ensiled. Five rams with average live weight of 20kg were fistulated and used as replicates in a  completely randomized design (CRD). They were fed with groundnut haulms, maize offal and cowpea husk in ad libitum at a ratio of 70%:30% respectively along with other management practices. The results of the rumen degradation characteristics showed that there was a significant (p<0.05) difference in the soluble fraction of crude protein, acid detergent fibre and neutral detergent fibre degradation among the treatments. There was also a significance (p<0.05) difference between the outflow rates of effective crude protein digestibility, effective acid detergent digestibility and effective neutral detergent digestibility. It was concluded from the study that ensiling and drying methods of processing reduces the ant-nutritional factors and the consequent better degradability of T1 and T2. However, the results of the study also revealed that ensiling is more effective than drying hence the better degradability recorded of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and the effective passage rate. Keyword: Digestibility, degradability, ensile, lea

Ameliorative potential of Betulinic Acid against Atrazine-induced Hepatic and Testicular Damage in Wistar rats

Atrazine (ATZ) is a selective pre- and post-emergentherbicide for combatingweeds, which however causes endocrine disruption and delays or changes in pubertal development in experimental animals. Since a paucity of information on the effects of Betulinic acid (BA), a triterpene antioxidant on ATZ toxicity was noted in literature, the present work was designed to study the effects of BA on the antioxidant profile and histopathology of liver and testes of rats treated with ATZ. The ATZ significantly increased protein levels in serum (46.2%) and liver (94.8%), while that of testes (55.9%) was significantly decreased, relative to controls. Pretreatment with BA ameliorated the effect in serum and liver compared with ATZ group. The ATZ treatment significantly lowered Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by 52.8% and 89.3%, and Catalase (CAT) activities by 56.9% and 53.6% in liver and testes, respectively, relative to controls, whereas the activities were significantly elevated on BA pre treatment. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was elevated by 84.65 and 85.8%, while reduced glutathione (GSH) was decreased by 51.2% and 64.2% in liver and testes, respectively when compared with controls. However, BA ameliorated the effect compared with ATZ group. In the ATZ –treated rats, liver was noted to develop mild hepatocyte degeneration and periportal cell infiltration, while foci tubular distortion and capsular congestion were observed in the testicular tissue, effects which BA pretreatment was able to ameliorate. In conclusion, Betulinic acid improved the antioxidative status of hepatic and testicular tissues against Atrazine intoxication in rats. Keywords: Atrazine, Betulinic acid, Antioxidant profile, Tissue histolog

Fabrication and Evaluation of Screw-like Fish Pelletizer

Good and balanced meals are required for fish to stay healthy and the production of these meals requires some machines like pelletizer. This study therefore contributes to the improvement of existing models of this machine by designing, fabricating and evaluating the performance of a new pelletizer. After fabrication, 5 kg fish feed ingredients weight was processed for 2.5 minutes in the machine in quadruplicate. The average discharge efficiency, percentage loss due to residue ingredients and production rate for the machine are 92.25 %, 7.75 % and 110.7 kg/h, respectively. The results showed that an increase in drying days led to a corresponding increase in percentage moisture content removal with a similar reduction in the weight of the pelletized fish meal. This machine will be of great assistant to medium and small-scale aquaculture farmers, thereby reducing the need for foreign sources of fish feed in fish farming sector

Estimation of coefficient of performance of thermoelectric cooler using a 30 W single-stage type.

In this study, a single stage thermoelectric cooler (TER, of size: 21 3 14.2 3 13.5 cm) with thermoelectric module (TEM, of type inbc1-127. 05 with size 40 3 40 3 4.0 mm) and applied electrical power of 30 W and current of 2.5 A, was adopted to estimate the coefficient of performance (COP) of thermoelectric refrigerator (TER). The TER uses a fan to cool the heat exchange region of the TEM. The temperature of the fruit/vegetable samples used in this study was taken before and after cooling for a specific period. The temperatures at both the hot and cold sides of the TEM were also taken at every specific cooling period. The experimented TER can cool vegetable/fruit from about 27 to 58C within 3 h. The aim of this study is to determine the COP of TER to ascertain the possible applications. The temperature gradient at the heat exchange section of TEM was used to estimate the average theoretical COP to be 0.99, the heat extracted from the cooling chamber and the power supplied was used to estimate the average practical cooling COP to be 0.52; which is within 0.4–0.7 standard COP for a single stage type of TER

Sustainability of multifaceted usage of biomass: A review

The paper focuses on collection of information on recent multifaceted usage of biomass materials with critical examination on its sustainability. The use of biomass is becoming popular, with wide global acceptance as it is considered as green technology. The use of biomass products across industrial parallels, the material combination and production processes were elucidated in this paper. Biomass materials are seen as affordable alternative to conventional materials for domestic and industrial applications. The multifaceted use of biomass, which includes, energy generation, metallurgical applications, construction purposes, reinforcement in metal matrix composite, microelectromechanical system, biochemical and traditional medicine were discussed. This underscores the need to develop a sustainable plan to meet with its diverse usage to be beyond laboratory efforts. This paper examined whether the availability of biomass can sustain its multifaceted usage or not. It also examined the modalities to ensure sustainable use of biomass. Different policies were highlighted and discussed in line with continuous multifaceted use of biomas

On estimation methods and test for proportional hazards assumptions in survival data

This work compared three estimation methods to handle tied survival time data under the semiparametric Cox proportional hazards model framework (the Exact, Breslow and Efron partial likelihood) and also two parametric proportional hazards models (the Exponential and Weibull) which utilized full likelihood estimation method. These methods were described and applied to two datasets, a clinical dataset on breast cancer patients and a dataset on duration of labour before delivery. We also checked for proportional hazards assumptions on some of the covariates used in the analysis. Using Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) for overall model comparison, Efron method had the least AIC value which is an indication of best performance in handling tied observation, whereas Exponential model with highest AIC performed least. On checking the proportionality assumption for the three categorical variables used in the analysis of cancer data, it was observed that the assumption was valid for absence or presence of Lymph Nodes, whereas it was not valid for progesterone receptor and estrogen receptor.Keywords: Censored data, Proportional hazards model, Akaike Information Criterion, Parametric model, Survivorship function, Partial likelihoo