2,422 research outputs found
Anticipating the response of excitable systems driven by random forcing
We study the regime of anticipated synchronization in unidirectionally
coupled model neurons subject to a common external aperiodic forcing that makes
their behavior unpredictable. We show numerically and by implementation in
analog hardware electronic circuits that, under appropriate coupling
conditions, the pulses fired by the slave neuron anticipate (i.e. predict) the
pulses fired by the master neuron. This anticipated synchronization occurs even
when the common external forcing is white noise.Comment: 12 pages (RevTex format
Directed cycles and related structures in random graphs: II--Dynamic properties
We study directed random graphs (random graphs whose edges are directed) as
they evolve in discrete time by the addition of nodes and edges. For two
distinct evolution strategies, one that forces the graph to a condition of near
acyclicity at all times and another that allows the appearance of nontrivial
directed cycles, we provide analytic and simulation results related to the
distributions of degrees. Within the latter strategy, in particular, we
investigate the appearance and behavior of the strong components that were our
subject in the first part of this study.Comment: submitted to Physica
Early appraisal of the fixation probability in directed networks
In evolutionary dynamics, the probability that a mutation spreads through the
whole population, having arisen in a single individual, is known as the
fixation probability. In general, it is not possible to find the fixation
probability analytically given the mutant's fitness and the topological
constraints that govern the spread of the mutation, so one resorts to
simulations instead. Depending on the topology in use, a great number of
evolutionary steps may be needed in each of the simulation events, particularly
in those that end with the population containing mutants only. We introduce two
techniques to accelerate the determination of the fixation probability. The
first one skips all evolutionary steps in which the number of mutants does not
change and thereby reduces the number of steps per simulation event
considerably. This technique is computationally advantageous for some of the
so-called layered networks. The second technique, which is not restricted to
layered networks, consists of aborting any simulation event in which the number
of mutants has grown beyond a certain threshold value, and counting that event
as having led to a total spread of the mutation. For large populations, and
regardless of the network's topology, we demonstrate, both analytically and by
means of simulations, that using a threshold of about 100 mutants leads to an
estimate of the fixation probability that deviates in no significant way from
that obtained from the full-fledged simulations. We have observed speedups of
two orders of magnitude for layered networks with 10000 nodes
Splenic Rupture in a COVID-19 Patient – A Case Report
Background: It is well known that the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes coagulation changes, requiring frequent monitoring for potential sequelae such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Non-traumatic splenic rupture is a rare and poorly understood occurrence in the clinical setting. Possible causes of nontraumatic splenic rupture include neoplasm, infection, inflammatory disease, iatrogenic and mechanical causes. Furthermore, increased intrasplenic tension, increased abdominal pressure, and thrombotic vascular occlusion are possible mechanisms.
The Case: We report a case of splenic rupture in a COVID-19 patient. Our patient was a 52-year-old black man, presenting with diarrhea and moderate dyspnea, who was found to be COVID-19 positive. He had a past medical history significant for end-stage renal disease, chronic anemia, and aortic valve replacement. In an otherwise uneventful, 7-day hospital course, the patient’s stay abruptly resulted in a nontraumatic splenic rupture and demise. In this report, we have evaluated the likelihood of COVID-19 causing splenic rupture in a patient with no prior splenic disease.
Conclusion: This case highlights the possibility of splenic rupture in otherwise normally recovering COVID-19 patients, particularly in the presence of comorbid conditions of renal failure and anticoagulation, with increased abdominal pressure during routine defecation. This information may assist in furthering the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its life-threatening complications. In patients with COVID-19, non-traumatic splenic rupture should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses in patients who present with abdominal pain and early recognition of the same, owing to a high index of suspicion, can be lifesaving
Reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits treated with etoposide associated with cholesterol-rich nanoemulsions
Elaine R Tavares1, Fatima R Freitas1, Jayme Diament1, Raul C Maranhão1,21Heart Institute of the Medical School Hospital (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilObjectives: Cholesterol-rich nanoemulsions (LDE) bind to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors and after injection into the bloodstream concentrate in aortas of atherosclerotic rabbits. Association of paclitaxel with LDE markedly reduces the lesions. In previous studies, treatment of refractory cancer patients with etoposide associated with LDE had been shown devoid of toxicity. In this study, the ability of etoposide to reduce lesions and inflammatory factors in atherosclerotic rabbits was investigated.Methods: Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 60 days. Starting from day 30, nine animals were treated with four weekly intravenous injections of etoposide oleate (6 mg/kg) associated with LDE, and nine control animals were treated with saline solution injections.Results: LDE-etoposide reduced the lesion areas of cholesterol-fed animals by 85% and intima width by 50% and impaired macrophage and smooth muscle cell invasion of the intima. Treatment also markedly reduced the protein expression of lipoprotein receptors (LDL receptor, LDL-related protein-1, cluster of differentiation 36, and scavenger receptor class B member 1), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), matrix metallopeptidase-9, and cell proliferation markers (topoisomerase IIα and tubulin).Conclusion: The ability of LDE-etoposide to strongly reduce the lesion area and the inflammatory process warrants the great therapeutic potential of this novel preparation to target the inflammatory-proliferative basic mechanisms of the disease.Keywords: atherosclerosis treatment, drug delivery, LDL-receptor
Electrodynamic Radiation Reaction and General Relativity
We argue that the well-known problem of the instabilities associated with the
self-forces (radiation reaction forces) in classical electrodynamics are
possibly stabilized by the introduction of gravitational forces via general
relativity
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