Properties of Intuitionistic Multi-Anti Fuzzy Normal Ring

In this paper, we discuss the properties of an intuitionistic multi-anti fuzzy normal ring of a ring is defined and discussed its properties. some results based on cartesian product, homomorphism and anti homomorphism of an intuitionistic multi-anti fuzzy normal ring of a ring are also discusse

HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM INDICUM FLOWERS ON PARACETAMOL INDUCED LIVER INJURY IN ALBINO RATS

Objective: The present investigation was evaluated that protective activity of aqueous extract of flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum studied againstparacetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in animal model.Methods: Bioactive functional groups, such as alcohol, carboxylic acid, and amines, were present in the aqueous extract of flowers of C. indicumidentified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The animals were grouped into 5 and each group has 6 animals and induced the hepatic failure.Silymarin was used as reference standard. Aqueous extract of flowers of C. indicum treated in a different dose which was compared with control groupof animals.Results: Aqueous extract of flowers of C. indicum reduced the level of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), serum bilirubin,protein, triglycerides, and cholesterol compared than paracetamol treated Group II animals. Histopathological studies were confirmed that reductionof necrosis and inflammation in the liver cells.Conclusion: Thus, these results revealed that the aqueous extract of flowers of C. indicum shown very significant (p<0.01) hepatoprotection againstparacetamol-induced hepatic failure in animal model by reducing AST, ALT, serum total bilirubin, protein, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels.Keywords: Hepatoprotective activity, Chrysanthemum indicum, Paracetamol

Nepali Women in Politics: Success and Challenges

This paper is based on an extensive three-year research project employing qualitative methods. In this paper we will discuss women\u27s struggle for equality in Nepal, their current successes in the political process, and remaining underlying challenges. The aim of this paper is to share with a wider audience that establishing equality and equity is hard but not impossible if and when constant efforts are made in a concerted way by bringing all likeminded people (men and women, politicians and parliamentarians), together. Nepal has been undergoing tremendous socio-political transformations over the past two decades, from civil war to negotiated peace, unitary to federal and monarchical government, and ultimately to the current republican political system, where the role of women is eminent. Historically, despite unfavourable circumstances, Nepali women have established themselves as key actors of socio-political changes. Under the leadership of Yogmaya Neupane (1860-1941), Nepali women began their struggle during the Rana Regime and advanced since the 1950s, by engaging both in popular peaceful political movements to armed insurgency and parliamentary competition with their male political counterparts. As a result, the new constitution of Nepal in 2015, ensured 33 % of seats, guaranteed to the parliaments and all other government positions as well as provision of male-female alternate seat provisions in the highest positions such as President and Vice President, Chief and Deputy Chief of Parliament (in both upper and lower houses), Mayor and Deputy Mayor where two of one must be female. Further, it has ensured inclusive provisions in all state structures. As a result, from the national and local elections of 2017-18, women have come to occupy 41.8% of political positions across the country. One of the key factors to ensure higher and meaningful participation of women in politics were these favourable electoral provisions. We found that despite numerous challenges that women face in political and electoral processes, they have demonstrated success in achieving higher participation in political positions. However, what has been achieved so far is not enough and continued concerted action among all actors is essential

A comparitive study of indications and fetomaternal outcomes in primary cesarean section in primi and multi gravida

INTRODUCTION: As the current price in caesarean delivery has profound impact on maternal and child health, there are also social and economical repercussions associated with increase in caesareans that are not yet well understood. This dissertation examined several increasingly common factors including induction of labour and advanced maternal age that might also be associated with increased risk or increased likelihood of caesarean delivery. Additionally provider characteristics and experienced information were collected via a comparative study to explore clinician level information to identify factors that cause rise in caesarean section. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the incidence and more common indications in primigravida and multigravida undergoing primary caesarean section, and hence help in reducing caesarean section rates wherever possible by knowing unnecessary indications. We also study the fetomaternal outcome in both groups and thereafter evaluate where we can intervene to improve the same, and hence reduce maternal morbidity and improve fetal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHOD: SOURCE OF DATA; Patients admitted in Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, undergoing primary cesarean section, between July 2016 and June 2017. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Sample Size: 200 women 18-30yrs of age undergoing primary caesarean section. Place of Study: Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem. Period of study: July 2016-June 2017. 200 patients aged 18-30 years pregnancy >28wks undergoing primary caesarean section (100 will be primi and 100 will be multigravda) will be included in this prospective, randomized, study after obtaining approval of the local ethical committee and an informed written consent from all participants Inclusion Criteria: 1. Women between 18-30 years, 2. with > 28wks of gestation, 3. without previous uterine surgeries. Exclusion Criteria: 1. patient refusal, 2. previous lscs, 3. previous hysterotomy, 4. previous myomectomy, 5. detoriation of renal/liver function. RESULTS: Statistical methods: Gravida, Age, Indications like Fetal distress, CPD, Malpresentation, Placenta previa, failed induction, non progression of labour, obstructed labour, IUGR, severe oligohydramnios were compared. Maternal outcomes like PPH, Blood transfusions postoperatively, post op fever/Wound sepsis, Newborn APGAR and NICU admissions are considered as outcome variables. Primigravida and multigravida who are all underwent caesarean section for the first time were consider as primary explanatory variable. Demographic age, was consider as other explanatory variable. Descriptive analysis: Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency and proportion for categorical variables. Data was also represented using appropriate diagrams like bar diagram, pie diagram and box plots. Both the study groups, were compared with respect to all the potential confounding baseline variables. CONCLUSION: Our study is a comparative study including 200 patients, 100 primigravida and 100 multigravida, done over the period of one year during June 2016 to June 2017 in our hospital, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College Hospital, Salem. The need for the study is the increasing rates of caesarean delivery all over and also in our institution, and hence a study of indications and fetomaternal outcomes would be of help in reducing the same. Age distribution in this study group, maximum number of primigravidas were < 25yrs and in multigravidas maximum number were in 31-35 years. Those who were < 25years are prone for adolescent health problems like anaemia, where as multigravidas are prone for age related disease like hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, obesity, incidence of big baby ,spondylolisthesis of joints. These age related problems are risk factors for caesarean section. Indications & fetomaternal outcomes were compared in both groups. In this study, among the indications, most common was failed induction of labour. Caesarean section done for non progression of labour was significantly high in multigravida compared to primigravida. Analysing the most common indication in primigravida, we found that fetal distress was the first common indication. The maternal outcome was measured in terms of PPH, wound infection and wound sepsis. PPH was most common in multigravida due to the obvious reason of atony being commoner in multi, and also our observation that non-progress being the most common indication in multi, there was more chances of extension of LSCS incisions due to thinned out lower segment and more atonicity in the second stage of labour. This is due to the fact that most multigravida are admitted or referred in the later stage of labour after tolerating more pain or after waiting for normal labour upto later stage. This can be reduced by earlier admission and earlier referrals. The incidence of wound infection was equal in both the primi and multigravida and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Regarding the fetal outcomes, the NICU admissions were more in the multigravida. Our inference is that, this is due to nonprogress of labour being more common in the multi meaning that delayed decision for caesarean in these patients were the cause for NICU admissions being more in this group. Though the primi group was taken up more for fetal distress the apgar scores and NICU admissions were better in them. Our conclusion is that this maybe the group having unnecessary sections due to early interventions. This can be reduced by more standardised fetal heart monitoring and avoiding hasty decisions

A Range Query Algorithm to Process KNN Queries in Cloud Computing

In Public Cloud environment, security and data confidentiality is the major problem facing by all the data controller. The service user can take the service from the cloud by getting authorization from the service provider and he can only pay for the service by using the server, for that the service provider lose the control so there may have chances of leaking the information. For that reason the data controller does not want the data to shift to the Cloud. There may have only chance of storing the data is providing the privacy gurantee to the Cloud. The requirement to building privacy is based on CPEL criteria which is confidentiality, privacy, efficiency, low in-house processing cost. By satisfying these requirement will increase the difficulty to store data in the Cloud. In order to eliminate this problem, We are using Random Space Perturbation method for providing the security and efficiency for processing the data. This method is used to building a practical query services in the Cloud. This approach will balance all the requirements by using range query and KNN query services.It provides multifaceted distances , which allows actual listing techniques to increase distances processing. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150311

A Survey on Dynamic Spectrum Sharing Using Game Theory in Cognitive Radio Networks

Due to the tremendous increase in wireless data traffic, a usable radio spectrum is quickly being depleted. Current Fixed Spectrum Allocation (FSA) strategy give rise to the problem of spectrum scarcity and underutilization. Cognitive Radio (CR) is proposed as a new wireless paradigm to overcome the spectrum underutilization problem. CR is a promising technology which for future wireless communications. CRs can change its operating parameters intelligently in real time to account for dynamic changes in a wireless environment. CR enables a technique called Dynamic Spectrum Allocation (DSA) where the users are able to access unlicensed bands opportunistically. Since idle spectrum from PU is a valuable commodity, many cognitive users will be competing for it simultaneously. Therefore, there arises competition among the users. Users may be only concerned about maximizing their own benefits by behaving rationally and selfishly. Thus spectrum allocation problem falls under NP-hard complex based on its complexity to solve. Out of several solution approaches, Game theory is found to be an efficient mathematical tool since it deals with solving the conflicts among the users. This survey is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview on dynamic spectrum allocation using game theory

2,5-Dimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetra­hydro­cyclo­hepta­[b]indol-6(5H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C15H17NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyrrole rings is 1.45 (13)°. The cyclo­heptene ring adopts a slightly distorted boat conformation. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are found

Structure of cholest-5-en-3β-oxy-5-bromopentane by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 130 K

Cholest-5-en-3&#946;-oxy-5-bromopentane (1) and cholest-5-en-3&#946;-oxy-11-bromoundecane (2), key precursors for the synthesis of novel cationic amphiphiles based on cholesterol, have been synthesized and characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Thermal disorder and effect of length of the bromoalkyl segment on the crystal structure have been investigated. Possible molecular level explanation of the unusual alternating s-trans-gauche conformation of the bromopentyl side chain of (1) has been presented

A Clinical Study to evaluate Pragbhakta and Adhobhakta Bhaishajya Kala in Janu Sandhigata Vata

Bhaishajya Kala is an important principle in our classics, which is to be considered while treating a disease. During treatment, success can be achieved only when there is proper combination of Desha, Kala, Pramana, Satmya, Asatmya, Pathya and Apathya.[1] Among these seven, Kala is given second position which reflects importance of Kala in Chikitsa. The relation between Aushadha and Kala is well established in classics. Acharya Charaka states that “medicine administered at appropriate Kala is more efficacious than one given in inappropriate Kala.”[2] To highlight its role in Chikitsa, there is a necessity to analyze this concept which is the need of the hour. With the intention of practically validating this concept “Janu Sandhigatavata” has been taken up for the study. Panchatikta Guggulu Ghrita which has been taken for the study is seen to have beneficial therapeutic effects on Sandhigatavata as evidently seen in the Phalashruti.[3] As Bhaishajya Kala is not specifically mentioned for any Vatavyadhi so also for Janu Sandhigatavata, this study intends to find the appropriate Bhaishajya Kala for the same. Among all the Bhaishajya Kalas, in the present study only two Kalas were taken up which were suitable for Janu Sandhigatavata. The clinical trial was carried out on 40 patients. They were divided into two groups Group A and Group B consisting of 20 patients each. The results were analyzed based on the signs and symptoms. Statistical analysis between Group A and Group B for the parameters Sandhi Shoola, Shotha, Prasaranaakunchanyo Vedana, ROM and VAS pain scale found no significant changes in the group. Individually each Group had highly significant results. But in the observation parameter of Atopa there was a difference of value between the groups, Group A was higher than Group B