International law and global sustainable energy production and consumption

INTRODUCTION Over the past fifty years, the intergovernmental consultation process under the umbrella and the framework of the United Nations, its General Assembly, and its various subsidiary organs and commissions has produced a large number of international conventions and protocols under which nations have committed themselves to agreed principles of international law and global standards. While conventions and protocols form the core of binding international law, the world community has always recognized the value of achieving consensus in the formulation of nonbinding principles and universal policy guidelines through which policy issues of international concern can be addressed. Growing recognition of the need to achieve an ecologically more sustainable socioeconomic development has clearly marked the international development debate throughout the past decade. In the same context, the need to urgently address energy-environment related issues and to work toward a sustainable energy future for all humankind has been widely recognized. In spite of the increased global concerns for greater environmental protection and greater integration of environmental concerns into energy sector and economic decision making, and in spite of a considerable potential for international consensus on global policy guidelines in this field, no universal “code of conduct,” “guideline,” “action plan,” or other form of “soft law” has yet been established. This chapter seeks to remedy this omission and propose draft guidelines on sustainable energy production and consumption applicable to both developed and developing countries