10,931 research outputs found
BATSE flare observations in Solar Cycle 22
The Hard X-Ray Burst Spectrometer (HXRBS) group at GSFC has developed and is maintaining a quick-look analysis system for solar flare hard x-ray data from the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) on the recently launched Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (GRO). The instrument consists, in part, of 8 large planar detectors, each 2025 sq cm, placed on the corners of the GRO spacecraft with the orientation of the faces being those of a regular octahedron. Although optimized for the detection of gamma-ray bursts, these detectors are far more sensitive than any previous spacecraft-borne hard x-ray flare instrumentation both for the detection of small microflares and the resolution of fine temporal structures. The data in this BATSE solar data base are from the discriminator large area (DISCLA) rates. From each of eight detectors there are hard x-ray data in four energy channels, 25-50, 50-100, 100-300, and greater than 300 keV with a time resolution of 1.024 seconds. These data are suitable for temporal correlation with data at other wavelengths, and they provide a first look into the BATSE and other GRO instrument flare data sets. The BATSE and other GRO principle investigator groups should be contacted for the availability of data sets at higher time or spectral resolution or at higher energies
De Sitter solutions in N=4 matter coupled supergravity
We investigate the scalar potential of gauged N=4 supergravity with matter.
The extremum in the SU(1,1)/U(1) scalars is obtained for an arbitrary number of
matter multiplets. The constraints on the matter scalars are solved in terms of
an explicit parametrisation of an
SO(6,6+n) element. For the case of six matter multiplets we discuss both
compact and noncompact gauge groups.
In an example involving noncompact groups and four scalars we find a
potential with an absolute minimum and a positive cosmological constant.Comment: 14 page
Concerns of Custom Harvesters
This study elicited the perceptions and concerns of custom harvesters regarding safety and health issues faced in their operations, selfâperceived knowledge of selected regulations, and selfâperceived ability to train employees on the safe operation of equipment. The average age of custom harvesters\u27 (CH) employees was 22 to 25 years (47.2%). The most common length of the harvest season was 5 to 6 months (70.9%). The most common responses to length of work day were 9 to 11 hours (34.5%) and 12 to 14 hours (54.5%). In general, CH ranked combine operation experience as most important when hiring employees. The CH felt inexperience was the leading contributor to lostâtime incidents. They were most concerned about DOT regulations and Worker\u27s Compensation rules, but also felt they had a good knowledge of those areas
Quasi-Moessbauer effect in two dimensions
Expressions for the absorption spectrum of a nucleus in a three- and a
two-dimensional crystal respectively are obtained analytically at zero and at
finite temperature respectively. It is found that for finite temperature in two
dimensions the Moessbauer effect vanishes but is replaced by what we call a
Quasi-Moessbauer effect. Possibilities to identify two-dimensional elastic
behavior are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, notation simplifie
Quantum kinetic theory model of a continuous atom laser
We investigate the feasible limits for realising a continuously evaporated
atom laser with high-temperature sources. A plausible scheme for realising a
truly continuous atom laser is to outcouple atoms from a partially condensed
Bose gas, whilst continuously reloading the system with non-condensed thermal
atoms and performing evaporative cooling. Here we use quantum kinetic theory to
model this system and estimate feasible limits for the operation of such a
scheme. For sufficiently high temperatures, the figure of merit for the source
is shown to be the phase-space flux. The dominant process limiting the usage of
sources with low phase-space flux is the three-body loss of the condensed gas.
We conclude that certain double-magneto-optical trap (MOT) sources may produce
substantial mean condensate numbers through continuous evaporation, and provide
an atom laser source with a narrow linewidth and reasonable flux.Comment: 28 pages, 5 figure
Collective Coordinate Control of Density Distributions
Real collective density variables [c.f.
Eq.\ref{Equation3})] in many-particle systems arise from non-linear
transformations of particle positions, and determine the structure factor
, where denotes the wave vector. Our objective is to
prescribe and then to find many-particle configurations
that correspond to such a target using a numerical optimization
technique. Numerical results reported here extend earlier one- and
two-dimensional studies to include three dimensions. In addition, they
demonstrate the capacity to control in the neighborhood of
0. The optimization method employed generates
multi-particle configurations for which , , and 1, 2, 4,
6, 8, and 10. The case 1 is relevant for the Harrison-Zeldovich
model of the early universe, for superfluid , and for jammed
amorphous sphere packings. The analysis also provides specific examples of
interaction potentials whose classical ground state are configurationally
degenerate and disordered.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figure
Cluster Galaxy Evolution from a New Sample of Galaxy Clusters at 0.3 < z < 0.9
(Abridged) We analyze photometry and spectroscopy of a sample of 63 clusters
at 0.3<z<0.9 drawn from the Las Campanas Distant Cluster Survey to empirically
constrain models of cluster galaxy evolution. Specifically, by combining data
on our clusters with those from the literature we parametrize the redshift
dependence of 1) M*_I in the observed frame; 2) the V-I color of the E/S0 red
sequence in the observed frames; and 3) the I-K' color of the E/S0 red sequence
in the observed frame. Using the peak surface brightness of the cluster
detection, S, as a proxy for cluster mass, we find no correlation between S and
M* or the location of the red envelope in V-I. We suggest that these
observations can be explained with a model in which luminous early type
galaxies (or more precisely, the progenitors of current day luminous early type
galaxies) form the bulk of their stellar populations at high redshift (>~ 5)
and in which many of these galaxies, if not all, accrete mass either in the
form of evolved stellar populations or gas that causes only a short term
episode of star formation at lower redshifts (1.5 < z < 2). Our data are too
crude to reach conclusions regarding the evolutionary state of any particular
cluster or to investigate whether the morphological evolution of galaxies
matches the simple scenario we discuss, but the statistical nature of this
study suggests that the observed evolutionary trends are universal in massive
clusters.Comment: 35 pages, accepted for publication in Ap
Reactivity of [Re\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e(CO)\u3csub\u3e8\u3c/sub\u3e(MeCN)\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e] with Thiazoles: Hydrido Bridged Dirhenium Compounds Bearing Thiazoles in Different Coordination Modes
Reactions of the labile compound [Re2(CO)8(MeCN)2] with thiazole and 4-methylthiazole in refluxing benzene afforded the new compounds [Re2(CO)7{ÎŒ-2,3-η2-C3H(R)NS}{η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}(ÎŒ-H)] (1, R = H; 2, R = CH3), [Re2(CO)6{ÎŒ-2,3-η2-C3H(R)NS}{η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}2(ÎŒ-H)] (3, R = H; 4, R = CH3) and fac-[Re(CO)3(Cl){η1-NC3H2(4-R)S}2] (5, R = H; 6, R = CH3). Compounds 1 and 2 contain two rhenium atoms, one bridging thiazolide ligand, coordinated through the C(2) and N atoms and a η1-thiazole ligand coordinated through the nitrogen atom to the same Re as the thiazolide nitrogen. Compounds 3 and 4 contain a Re2(CO)6 group with one bridging thiazolide ligand coordinated through the C(2) and N atoms and two N-coordinated η1-thiazole ligands, each coordinated to one Re atom. A hydride ligand, formed by oxidative-addition of C(2)âH bond of the ligand, bridges ReâRe bond opposite the thiazolide ligand in compounds 1â4. Compound 5 contains a single rhenium atom with three carbonyl ligands, two N-coordinated η1-thiazole ligands and a terminal Cl ligand. Treatment of both 1 and 2 with 5 equiv. of thiazole and 4-methylthiazole in the presence of Me3NO in refluxing benzene afforded 3 and 4, respectively. Further activation of the coordinated η1-thiazole ligands in 1â4 is, however, unsuccessful and results only nonspecific decomposition. The single-crystal XRD structures of 1â5 are reported
Topological quantum memory
We analyze surface codes, the topological quantum error-correcting codes
introduced by Kitaev. In these codes, qubits are arranged in a two-dimensional
array on a surface of nontrivial topology, and encoded quantum operations are
associated with nontrivial homology cycles of the surface. We formulate
protocols for error recovery, and study the efficacy of these protocols. An
order-disorder phase transition occurs in this system at a nonzero critical
value of the error rate; if the error rate is below the critical value (the
accuracy threshold), encoded information can be protected arbitrarily well in
the limit of a large code block. This phase transition can be accurately
modeled by a three-dimensional Z_2 lattice gauge theory with quenched disorder.
We estimate the accuracy threshold, assuming that all quantum gates are local,
that qubits can be measured rapidly, and that polynomial-size classical
computations can be executed instantaneously. We also devise a robust recovery
procedure that does not require measurement or fast classical processing;
however for this procedure the quantum gates are local only if the qubits are
arranged in four or more spatial dimensions. We discuss procedures for
encoding, measurement, and performing fault-tolerant universal quantum
computation with surface codes, and argue that these codes provide a promising
framework for quantum computing architectures.Comment: 39 pages, 21 figures, REVTe
The Dipole Moments and Molar Refractions of Several Trans-Beta-Nitrostyrenes
The dipole moments and molar refractions are reported for p-nitrostyrene (4.24 D, 44.3 ml.), trans-betanitrostyrene (4.50 D, 45.7 ml.), the p-methoxy (5.45 D, 56.3 ml.), p-methyl (4.97 D, 52.0 ml.), p-fluoro (3-12 D, 45.5ml), p-chloro (2.90 D, 51.8 ml.), p-bromo (3.02 D, 54.4 ml.), p-iodo (3.26 D, 58.0 ml.), p-nitro (0.83 D, 52.0 ml.), and p-cyano 0.96 D, 47.9 ml.) derivatives of trans-beta-nitrostyrene. It is suggested that the large dipole moments obtained for the p-nitro and p-cyano-beta-nitrostyrenes may be due to unusually large atomic polarizations which would not be taken into consideration by the present method of measurement and calculation
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