Control of gear shifts in dual clutch transmission powertrains

To achieve the best possible responses during shifting in dual clutch transmissions it is commonplace to integrate clutch and engine control, while the clutch is used to match speeds between the engine and wheels via reduction gears, poor engine control can lead to extended engagement times and rough/harsh shift transients. This paper proposes a method for combined speed and torque control of vehicle powertrains with dual clutch transmissions for both the engine and clutches. The vehicle powertrain is modelled as a simple four degree of freedom system with reduction gears and two clutches. Including a detailed clutch hydraulic model, comprising of the direct acting solenoids and clutch piston with the hydraulic fluid modelled as a compressible fluid. Powertrain control is realised through control of clutch solenoids and manipulation of the engine throttle input. Sensitivity study of clutch performance evaluating inaccurate torque estimation demonstrated variance in the response of the hydraulic system, with an indicative simulation of poor estimation resulting in increased powertrain vibration during and after shifting. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the capacity for this method of engine and clutch control to further reduce shift transients developed in dual clutch transmission powertrains. The obtained results also show that the adoption of torque based control techniques for both the clutch and engine, which makes use of the estimated target clutch torque, significantly improves the powertrain response as a result of reduction in the lockup discontinuities. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Pengaruh Pesonal Selling dan Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Polis Asuransi Jiwa PT. Asuransi Jiwasaya (Persero) Cabang Pekanbaru

The purpose of this research to find out how about the implementation promotion strategy (advertising, personal selling, public relation, sales promotion, and direct marketing) for achieve the room and to find out how the consumes interest about (liking, preference, and conviction)The population of this research is the consumers of Hotel Mutiara Merdeka Pekanbaru. The number of this samples are 98 people The search procedure of respondents performed by accidental sampling. Collecting research data form the primary data, using questionnaires as research instruments, data analysis used is by using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS.From the results of data analysis includes test validity, reliability, and multiple linear regression, the implementation of personal selling in this study include the search for prospecting, targeting, communication, ellings and allocation. While the quality of services tangible, empathy, responsivennes, reliability and assurance. The results showed no significant effect between personal selling on purchasing decisions by the calculation of the t (5.506)> t table (1.985), then there is a significant influence between the quality of service on purchasing decisions by the calculation of the t (3.317)> t table (1.985 ) and is based on simultaneous test concluded that personal selling and service quality jointly influence the purchase decision.Keywords: personal selling, quality of service and purchasing decision

Integrating microfluidic generation, handling and analysis of biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles

The key roles played by phospholipids in many cellular processes, has led to the development of model systems, to explore both lipid–lipid and lipid–peptide interactions. Biomimetic giant unilamellar vesicles represent close facsimiles of in vivo cellular membranes, although currently their widespread use in research is hindered by difficulties involving their integration into high-throughput techniques, for exploring membrane biology intensively in situ. This paper presents an integrated microfluidic device for the production, manipulation and high-throughput analysis of giant unilamellar vesicles. Its utility is demonstrated by exploring the lipid interaction dynamics of the pore-forming antimicrobial peptide melittin, assessed through the release of fluorescent dyes from within biomimetic vesicles, with membrane compositions similar to mammalian plasma membranes

NMR study of a bimesogenic liquid crystal with two nematic phases

Recent interest in bimesogenic liquid crystals showing two nematic phases has led us to investigate the nematic mean-field interactions in these nematic phases by using rigid solutes as probes. The nematic potential that is modelled by two independent Maier-Saupe terms is successful in fitting the observed dipolar couplings (order parameters) of para-, meta- and ortho-dichlorobenzene solutes in both the nematic phases of 39 wt% of 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB) in α,ω-bis(4-4′-cyanobiphenyl)nonane (CB_C9_CB) to better than the 5% level. The derived liquid-crystal potential parameters G₁ and G₂ for each solute in the N and Ntb phases will be discussed. The most interesting observation is that G1 (associated with size and shape interactions) is almost constant in the Ntb phase, whereas G₂ (associated with longer-range electrostatic interactions) has large variation, even changing sign

Rumah Komik di Pekanbaru Berdasarkan Prinsip Desain Tadao Ando

Comic is a visualization of life and one thing that is not foreign anymore, even with the advances in technology that rapidly at this time, the comic can be found easily. So, comics are part of the creative industries which are able to reap much profit in the sales. But the kind of comic that sold well in the market is kind of foreign comics such as manga (Japan's comic), while the local comic less attractive to readers. For that needed a place to improve the quality of Indonesia's comic and comic in order to be accepted by the society. To achieve these goals the Comic House provides a variety of facilities that hosts a variety of activities in the field of education, production, promotion and recreation. Comic House was designed using design principles of Tadao Ando. Tadao Ando using Zen philosophies and Traditional architecture of Japan in his design to produce a concept of provocation through exploration of the space he created. These principles apply to the wholeelement of design, starting from order of exterior, building forms, until the Comic House interior. Users are invited to take a walking tour and experience the space from the entrance to the exit in accordance with the functions of the comics as a media provocation that is inviting readers to feel the meaning of a story. With an approach based on the design principles of Tadao Ando, then mass produced with a geometry such as a rectangle (the simplicity of the form), the order of mass mutualsustainability, exterior and interior that reflects the Zen philosophy and Traditional Architecture of Japan as well as the facade without ornament. The Comic House design also pay attention to the aspect of a tropical climate so that there is an adjustment against the design principles of Tadao Ando

Synchroniser modeling with application specific to the dual clutch transmission

The synchromesh type synchroniser has been introduced to dual clutch transmission applications for gear selection prior to shifting. Historical research into this type of mechanism has targeted the application to manual transmission systems only. Such work targets the phenomena associated with driver feel such as shift effort and ¿double bump¿. Now automated, the control of the synchroniser is less concerned with such aspects of the actuation, focus not trends towards repeatability of the process as well as speed of engagement. The actuation of this type of mechanism relies on the balancing of torques derived from engagement chamfers, the cone clutch and losses experienced in the transmission. These torques affect the displacement of sleeve, asynchronisation of the target gear, as well as the unblocking of synchroniser ring and indexing of the gear to the locked position. Thus a simplified model of the synchroniser mechanism and associated gear is developed for the purpose of simulating its operation in a dual clutch transmission. Unlike similar simulations this model targets the actuation of the mechanism using input forces from the controller, rather than using the control of sleeve displacement to determine maximum forces experience by the driver. To assess how operating characteristics have varied the mechanism has been modelled in the Matlab® environment. This paper presents the techniques used to model the mechanism, including the governing principles of synchroniser actuation and drag torque. Simulation results demonstrate that the primary variation in the mechanism is through the indexing chamfers. Additionally the influence of temperature variation is demonstrated for a fifth gear upshift, and the detrimental effects of cold starts demonstrated

A fibre forming smectic twist-bent liquid crystalline phase

We demonstrate the nanostructure and filament formation of a novel liquid crystal phase of a dimeric mesogen below the twist–bend nematic phase. The new fibre-forming phase is distinguished by a short-correlated smectic order combined with an additional nanoscale periodicity that is not associated with density modulation

Life Pattern of Gastropods on Breakwater and Sandy Beach Ecosystem in Water Conservation Area Pariaman City West Sumatra Province

The research was carried out on the breakwater rocks in Water Conservation AreaPariaman West Sumatra Province in May 2013. The goal in conducting this study is tofind out how to survive gastropods in breakwater and sandy beach ecosystems areconstantly subjected to pressure waves. The method used was a survey method thatdirectly observe the behavior and movement of gastropods.There are 5 types of gastropods which have distinctive way of life to survive inthe face of pressure waves. Gastropods movement in the face of pressure waves in thesubmerged breakwater when high tide and exposed to the atmosphere when the low tidesas well as having an active movement, slow and settled. Life pattern gastropods in thesandy habitat gastropods will be attached to rock fragments and other fossil biota. Therewas slow movement that occurs when the wave came. Human impact on the gastropodswill always avoided by attaching themselves to the substrate tightly, closing their shellimmediately and move quickly. Gastropods movement in rock breakwater depends on thecause as something approaching movement (humans and other organisms), exposure tofree air (drought) and the most important is the availability of food

Analisa Perbandingan Teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend dan Teknik Threshold Scheme Rendering Sketsa pada Obyek Tiga Dimensi

Sketsa merupakan sebuah gambar yang dibuat kasar, ringan, dan tidak memiliki banyak detail. Fokus dari pembuatan sketsa adalah penggambaran bentuk utama obyek dan pengarsiran daerah bayangan obyek. Pada saat melakukan penggambaran sketsa, penarikan garis penggambaran satu dengan lain cenderung tidak sama. Tugas akhir ini mengimplementasikan program shader sketsa arsiran untuk obyek 3D. Pada implementasi shader, terdapat dua teknik yang digunakan, yaitu teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend dan teknik Threshold Scheme. Kedua teknik ini menggunakan Tonal Art Maps (TAM) untuk pembuatan efek arsiran. Perbedaannya adalah teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend menggunakan banyak variasi TAM lalu dilakukan proses blending, sementara teknik Threshold Scheme menggunakan sebuah TAM yang diberikan ambang batas untuk menempelkan efek arsiran pada obyek. Program rendering sketsa arsiran pada obyek 3D telah dapat diimplementasikan menggunakan teknologi DirectX 9.0 dan IDE RenderMonkey 1.82. Kedua teknik dapat menghasilkan visualisasi sketsa arsiran pada obyek 3D. Teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend menghasilkan visualisasi arsiran yang lebih tebal dan gelap dibandingkan teknik Threshold Scheme. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang melibatkan sejumlah responden dengan menggunakan kuesioner, diperoleh hasil jika teknik Single-Pass Six-Way Blend dinilai lebih baik dibandingkan dengan teknik Threshold Scheme