The Differentiation and Integration of Information Technologies: Three Empirical Studies on `Bring Your Own Devices\u27

This dissertation examines how the management and configuration of organizational IT portfolios enhance organizations and their employees. Specifically, the theory of the differentiation and integration of information technologies is developed with in-depth examinations of Bring-Your-Own-Device (BYOD) policies. Four data collections are utilized: survey vignettes, case studies, agent-based simulations, and a questionnaire survey. Each essay uses a mixed-method approach providing insights into the selection, development, and management of ITs across individual and organizational levels. Essay 1 explores the impact of BYOD on employees\u27 performance, job satisfaction, and work-life conflicts. The results indicate that IT integration improves performance and job satisfaction, and reduces work-life conflicts. Alternatively, IT differentiation increases work-life conflicts while having no direct impact on performance or job satisfaction. However, the impact of IT differentiation is enhanced when increased IT integration is present in the organization\u27s IT portfolio which in combination provides variety for individuals while ensuring reduced compatibility issues across employee tasks. Essay 2 examines how organizations can configure their IT portfolios over time to meet the demands of varying task portfolios. The results provide insights into optimal levels of IT differentiation and IT integration for varying environments. Increased IT differentiation allows employees to utilize more efficient and effective technologies to meet their specific tasks. However, an increased level of IT integration is needed to meet the additional compatibility concerns arising from this IT differentiation. Essay 3 examines how individual decision-making behaviors and organizational IT policies impact the configuration of IT differentiation and IT integration. A combination of online survey vignettes, agent-based simulations, and a questionnaire survey provides insights into how individuals and organizations can impact the IT portfolio over time. The results indicate that the claimed benefits of BYOD may not materialize unless the employees are choosing their provided technologies based on rational decisions. This dissertation finds that BYOD polices may increase productivity and satisfaction for employees and organizations. However, organizations must ensure they examine their task portfolio, employee technology needs and knowledge, and IT policy attributes to ensure BYOD is the right solution. The results provide organizations increased knowledge to ensure increased performance from their IT decisions

Using Mechanical Turk Data in IS Research: Risks, Rewards, and Recommendations

With the increasing use of crowdsourced data in behavioral research fields, it is important to examine their appropriateness and desirability for IS research. Extending recent work in the IS literature, this tutorial discusses the risks and rewards of using data gathered on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. We examine the characteristics of MTurk workers and the resulting method biases that may be exacerbated in MTurk data. Based on this analysis, we present a 2x2 matrix to illustrate the categories of IS research questions that are and are not amenable to MTurk data. We suggest that MTurk data is more appropriate for generalizing studies that examine diverse cognition than for contextualizing studies or those involving shared cognition. Finally, we offer a set of practical recommendations for researchers who wish to collect data on MTurk

Using Self-Disclosure to Manage Student Misconceptions in a Human Sexuality Classroom

This paper explores how three Human Development graduate student instructors of human sexuality have utilized student perception and instructor disclosure to challenge assumptions and misconceptions about sexuality. Three modes of pedagogy, culturally responsive pedagogy, experiential learning theory, and queer pedagogy, are discussed in order to illustrate the interplay of perception and disclosure when teaching. The authors provide a list of questions for instructors to be reflective as well as strategies to respond to student misconceptions about sexuality topics in the classroom.Keywords: culturally responsive pedagogy, disclosure, experiential learning theory, queer pedagogy, sexualit

A Trustworthiness of Commercial Airline Pilots (T-CAP) Scale for Indian Consumers

A Trustworthiness of Commercial Airline Pilots (T-CAP) Scale was created for the purpose of measuring consumer perceptions about the trustworthiness of pilots in India. Previous research has used several different types of trust and trustworthiness scales, but none of them focus on pilot trustworthiness, particularly with an Indian consumer base. This paper outlines the process by which we validated the scale and tested reliability. We had 679 participants join in the process of determining the items that belonged in the scale, narrowing down the choices to highly relevant items, and testing the final scale. A factor analysis using the principle components and varimax rotation produced a single factor for the condition of trustworthiness, and all the items strongly loaded on this one factor. Reliability was tested via Cronbach’s Alpha and Guttmann’s Split-half test. Finally, the scale was tested in an experimental setting to determine discriminability. All tests provided evidence of high validity, reliability and discriminability

Molecular Beams

Contains research objectives and reports on one research project.Lincoln Laboratory, Purchase Order DDL B-00306U. S. ArmyU. S. NavyU. S. Air Force under Air Force Contract AF19(604)-520

Molecular Beams

Contains research objectives and reports on four research projects.Lincoln Laboratory, Purchase Order DDL B-00306U. S. ArmyU. S. NavyU. S. Air Force under Air Force Contract AF19(604)-740

A systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of dietary supplement use by military personnel

BACKGROUND: Although a number of studies have been conducted on the prevalence of dietary supplement (DS) use in military personnel, these investigations have not been previously summarized. This article provides a systematic literature review of this topic. METHODS: Literature databases, reference lists, and other sources were searched to find studies that quantitatively examined the prevalence of DS use in uniformed military groups. Prevalence data were summarized by gender and military service. Where there were at least two investigations, meta-analysis was performed using a random model and homogeneity of the prevalence values was assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of any DS use for Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps men was 55%, 60%, 60%, and 61%, respectively; for women corresponding values were 65%, 71%, 76%, and 71%, respectively. Prevalence of multivitamin and/or multimineral (MVM) use for Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps men was 32%, 46%, 47%, and 41%, respectively; for women corresponding values were 40%, 55%, 63%, and 53%, respectively. Use prevalence of any individual vitamin or mineral supplement for Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps men was 18%, 27%, 25%, and 24%, respectively; for women corresponding values were 29%, 36%, 40%, and 33%, respectively. Men in elite military groups (Navy Special Operations, Army Rangers, and Army Special Forces) had a use prevalence of 76% for any DS and 37% for MVM, although individual studies were not homogenous. Among Army men, Army women, and elite military men, use prevalence of Vitamin C was 15% for all three groups; for Vitamin E, use prevalence was 8%, 7%, and 9%, respectively; for sport drinks, use prevalence was 22%, 25% and 39%, respectively. Use prevalence of herbal supplements was generally low compared to vitamins, minerals, and sport drinks, ≤5% in most investigations. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to men, military women had a higher use prevalence of any DS and MVM. Army men and women tended to use DSs and MVM less than other service members. Elite military men appeared to use DSs and sport drinks more than other service members