DISTRIBUCIÓN Y ABUNDANCIA DE LAS ESPECIES ARBÓREAS Y ARBUSTIVAS EN LA SIERRA FRÍA, AGUASCALIENTES, MÉXICO

Our objectives were to recognize the composition of forest species, characterize theirdistribution and abundance, and identifythe factors that determine their presence orabsence in the area of Sierra Fria, Aguascalientes, Mexico. A sampling plan was elaborated using three criteria: altitude, relief andforest cover. Sixty samplings were realizedin sites of 600 m2 and randomized in different solar expositions. The arboreal andbrush species, the frequency, and ecologicalconditions that determine their presence or100Núm. 34: 99-126 Agosto 2012absence in site were identified. A CanonicalCorrespondence Analysis and Montecarlo’stest (α≤0.05) was conducted. We identified50 species; three are new reports in the area.Quercus potosina was found and Juniperusdeppeana is more widely distributed; themost abundant are J. deppeana, Q. potosina,and Pinus leiophylla. The greater ß diversityis in convex sites (ßw= 5.80) and sites withaltitudes of 2400 and 2600 m (ßw = 7.22).The altitude, relief, the slope and solar exposition are variables more implicated in thedistribution and abundance of the species(Montecarlo’s test, p = 0.0020). For thisreason, the interventions of handling mustconsider the relation species-environmentEl presente trabajo tuvo tres objetivos:1) identificar la composición de especiesleñosas forestales, 2) caracterizar su distribución y abundancia y 3) relacionarlascon variables del medio ambiente en laSierra Fría, Aguascalientes. Para ello seelaboró un plan de muestreos usando trescriterios: altitud, relieve y exposición. Serealizaron 60 muestreos en parcelas de600 m2 donde se identificaron las especiesarbóreo-arbustivas, así como su frecuenciay se anotaron las condiciones ambientalesprevalecientes en cada sitio. Posteriormentese realizó un análisis de correspondenciascanónicas, corroboradas mediante la pruebade Montecarlo (α ≤ 0.05). Los resultadosnos muestran un total de 50 especies registradas en la zona de estudio, de las cualestres son nuevos reportes. Las especies másampliamente distribuidas son Quercuspotosina y Juniperus deppeana,; las másabundantes son J. deppeana, Q. potosinay Pinus leiophylla. La diversidad ß esmayor en los sitios convexos (ßw = 5.80)y en sitios con altitudes mayores a 2 400y 2 600 m (ßw = 7.22). La altitud, relieve,pendiente y exposición a la radiación solarson los descriptores que mejor explican ladistribución y abundancia de las especies(prueba de Montecarlo, p = 0.0020). Losresultados de este trabajo contribuyen amejorar las intervenciones de manejo en elANP Sierra Fría. En particular en lo referente a la conservación de la biodiversidad y ala restauración de zonas degradadas

Ecology of Plant Communities in Central Mexico

In Central Mexico converge three biogeographic provinces: Altiplano sur, Sierra Madre Occidental and Costa del Pacífico. Each one of them is composed by different plant communities: Thorn Forest, Temperate Mountain Forest and Dry Tropical Forest respectively. Our objective is to show, through phytoecological analysis, the species richness, diversity and the structure of the plant communities from the Temperate Mountain Forest and from the Tropical Dry Forest. In the Temperate Mountain Forest, 50 forest species were recorded, with a Shannon Wiener diversity index H´ = 1.63 on altitudes from 2400 to 2600 m. The Whittaker β index is Bw = 7.22. In the tropical dry forest, we identified 79 plants species with a mean diversity index H´ = 3.49 on altitudes from 1951 to 2100 m. In this ecosystem the Bw index is 8.12. This study offers important information for the establishment of management practices, considering the protection status from the areas in which this vegetation type is distributed

Effects of 24 h compression interventions with different garments on recovery markers during running

Compression and temperature manipulation are discussed as strategies to improve performance markers and recovery in sports. Here, we investigate the effects of compression stockings made with fabric, either combined or not with heating and cooling substances, on variables related to running performance and recovery. Ten trained runners (mean ± standard deviation age 45 ± 9 years old, body mass 69 ± 7 kg, height 166 ± 4 cm) with no experience of using compression garments performed an intense running session of 10 km, then wore a stocking for 24 h (randomized; without compression, compression, compression with camphor, and compression with menthol), and were evaluated on the following day, after running 5 km. The different types of compression stockings used 24 h before exercise did not affect running kinematics (p > 0.14), skin temperature (p > 0.05), heart rate (p > 0.12; mean value of maximal heart rate 156 bpm), comfort perception (p = 0.13; mean value of 7/10 points), or perception of recovery (p = 0.13; mean value of 7/10 points). In general, there were no effects of 24 h pre-exercise lower leg compression, including those treated with menthol and camphor applications on running kinematics, skin temperature, heart rate, or recovery perception in athletes undertaking consecutive running exercises

Simple Microcontact Printing Technique to Obtain Cell Patterns by Lithography Using Grayscale, Photopolymer Flexographic Mold, and PDMS

Microcontact printing using PDMS embossing tools and its variations have aroused the interest of a wide spectrum of research fields, hence the feasibility of defining micro and nanoscale patterns. In this work, we have proposed and demonstrated a novel lithography method based on grayscale patterns printed in a flexographic photopolymer mold and transferred to epoxy resin and a single PDMS stamp to obtain different microprint pattern structures. The geometry of the patterns can be modified by adjusting the layout and grayscale of the stamp patterns. The functionality of this contact printing methodology was validated by generating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) patterns. These specific micropatterns can be very useful for achieving complex differentiation in cell lines such as hiPSC. Microfabrication through the new technique provides a promising alternative to conventional lithography for constructing complex aligned surfaces; these structures could be used as components of biological patterns or microfluidic devices.Fil: Gimenez, Rocio. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Sosa, Camilo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Bourguignon, Natalia. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Miriuka, Santiago Gabriel. Fundación para la Lucha contra las Enfermedades Neurológicas de la Infancia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bhansali, Shekhar. University of Florida; Estados UnidosFil: Arroyo, Carlos R.. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas; EcuadorFil: Debut, Alexis. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas; EcuadorFil: Lerner, Betiana. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Perez, Maximiliano Sebastian. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

PM speciation and sources in Mexico during the MILAGRO-2006 Campaign

International audienceLevels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 and chemical speciation of PM10 and PM2.5 were measured during the MILAGRO campaign (1st to 31st March 2006, but extended in some cases until 6th April) at four urban, one suburban, two rural background and two rural sites, with different degree of industrial influence, in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and adjacent regions. PM10 and PM2.5 daily levels varied between 50?56?g/m3 and 24?46?g/m3 at the urban sites, 22?35?g/m3 and 13?25?g/m3 at the rural sites, and 75?g/m3 and 31?g/m3 at the industrial hotspot, lower than those recorded at some Asian mega-cities and similar to those recorded at other Latin American cities. At the urban sites, hourly PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations showed a marked impact of road traffic emissions (at rush hours), with levels of coarse PM remaining elevated during daytime. At the suburban and rural sites different PM daily patterns were registered according to the influence of the pollution plume from MCMA, and also of local soil resuspension. The speciation studies showed that mineral matter accounted for 25?27% of bulk PM10 at the urban sites and a higher proportion (up to 43%) at the suburban and rural sites. This pattern is repeated in PM2.5, with 15% at urban and 28% at suburban and rural sites. Carbonaceous compounds accounted for a significant proportion at the urban and industrial sites (32?46% in PM10, and 51?55% in PM2.5), markedly reduced at the suburban and rural sites (16?23% in PM10, and 30% in PM2.5). The secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for 10?20% of bulk PM10 at urban, suburban, rural and industrial sites, with a higher proportion (40%) at the industrial background site. A relatively high proportion of nitrate in rural sites was present in the coarse fraction. Typically anthropogenic elements (As, Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Sn, Sb, Ba, among others) showed considerably high levels at the urban sites; however levels of particulate Hg and crustal trace elements (Rb, Ti, La, Sc, Ga) were generally higher at the suburban site. Principal component analysis identified three major common factors: crustal, regional background and road traffic. Moreover, some specific factors were obtained for each site

Docencia en cirugía general. Una propuesta para su perfeccionamiento Teaching in General Surgery: a proposal for its training

La metodología propia del diseño curricular para la formación de recursos humanos de la salud, se fundamenta en el enfoque histórico cultural y por tanto tiene en cuenta el aprendizaje basado en el desarrollo social de cada etapa histórico-social concreta. La Educación Superior en Cuba marcha acorde con el desarrollo de la ciencia contemporánea, esto hace que indiscutiblemente la entrada al tercer milenio tenga que estar encaminada a la formación de profesionales con una elevada calificación científico- técnica, lo cual implica que los curriculum tengan un alto nivel científico y respondan a los intereses de la sociedad. La metodología en sí misma, tiene en cuenta como punto de partida los problemas de salud y el modo de actuación profesional, este último como objetivo supremo. No obstante lo anterior, el hecho del desarrollo científico técnico acelerado en las ciencias, como es el caso de la Cirugía General, marca una nueva pauta ya que los objetivos supremos dejan de ser la esencialidad al ser superados por los contenidos, o lo que es lo mismo dejan de ser la categoría rectora obligando a nuevos diseños, como es el caso que nos ocupa. Palabras clave: DOCENTE MEDICO, CIRUGÍA, APRENDIZAJE, ESTUDIANTES DE MEDICINA ABSTRACT The typical methodology for the curricular design for the training of the health human resources is based on the historical-cultural approach, bearing in mind the learning based on the social development in every specific historical-social stage. In Cuba, Higher Education goes on according to the development of the contemporary science. This unquestionably causes the entering into the third millennium to be directed to a high scientific-technical qualification of the professionals, that means that the curricula have a high scientific level and respond to the needs of the society. The methodology itself deals with the health problems and the ways of professional performance, this being the supreme objective. In spite of the above mentioned, the fact of an accelerated scientific-technical development in sciences, and that is the case in General Surgery, makes us face the dilemma that the supreme objectives are not so essential, being overcome by the contents, that is to say, they are not the principal category which leads to new designs, this being the case we are discussing. Key words: FACULTY MEDICAL, SURGERY, LEARNING, MEDICAL STUDENTS

Club de cirugía experimental. Nuestra experiencia con los alumnos latinoamericanos del pre-médico.

El aprendizaje de los procedimientos quirúrgicos en edades tempranas, favorece la adquisición de conocimientos y habilidades en el alumno en los primeros años de la Carrera de Medicina. Nuestro Centro ha impartido cursos de habilidades quirúrgicas básicas tempranas a alumnos 1ro y 2do año de Medicina, con resultados satisfactorios. La llegada a nuestra Institución de los alumnos latinoamericanos para la realización del pre-médico constituyó un reto para infinidad de Departamentos docentes que crearon sus clubes, no quedando exento nuestro Centro que creó el Club de Cirugía experimental. El club contó con una matrícula inicial de 126 alumnos, teniendo tres encuentros teórico-prácticos y se programó por ciclos que incluía 6 temas. Los resultados fueron satisfactorios y sorprendentes tanto desde el punto de vista de la adquisición de conocimientos en los procedimientos quirúrgicos como en el desarrollo de las habilidades requeridas. El Club sirvió para orientar a los alumnos a decidirse por estudiar una especialidad quirúrgica, una vez graduados, y para otros a desistir. Además permitió elevar el nivel de preparación de los estudiantes para el desarrollo exitoso de cualquier proyecto de investigación que necesite de alguna técnica quirúrgica y en sus estancias en los cuerpos de guardia en atención de los pacientes.  Palabras clave: Cirugía experimental, enseñanza, maniobras quirúrgicas básicas, simuladores sintéticos, animal de laboratorio, estudiantes latinoamericanos de pre-médico

Epoxy resin mold and PDMS microfluidic devices through photopolymer flexographic printing plate

Photopolymer flexographic printing plate is a new photopolymeric material used for microdevices fabrication. This work demonstrates that a photopolymer flexographic master mold can be used for the fabrication of PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) microdevices by a multi-step manufacturing process. The methodology entails three main fabrication steps: (1) a photopolymer flexographic printing plate mold (FMold) is generated by UV exposure through a transparent film, (2) an epoxy resin mold (ERmold) is fabricated by transferring the features of the photopolymer mold and (3) a PDMS microdevice is manufactured from the epoxy resin mold. The characterization of the manufactured PDMS microdevices was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profilometry. Results showed high accuracy in the replication of the profiles. To show the feasibility of the fabrication process a microdevice for microdroplet generation was designed, manufactured and tested. Hence, the manufacturing process described in this work provides an easy, robust, and low-cost strategy that facilitates the scaling-up of microfluidic devices without requiring any sophisticated equipment.Fil: Olmos Carreno, Carol Maritza. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Vaca Mora, Andrea Vanessa. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rosero, Gustavo. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; ArgentinaFil: Peñaherrera Pazmiño, Ana Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Sosa, Camilo José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; ArgentinaFil: de Sá Carneiro, Igor. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; ArgentinaFil: Vizuete, Karla. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas Espe; EcuadorFil: Arroyo, Carlos R.. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas; EcuadorFil: Debut, Alexis. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas; EcuadorFil: Perez, Maximiliano Sebastian. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica; ArgentinaFil: Cumbal, Luis. Universidad de Las Fuerzas Armadas; EcuadorFil: Lerner, Betiana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Haedo; Argentin

Prevalence and distribution of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in the northwest area of Mexico

Zoonotic parasitic infections are a major global public and veterinary health problem and widespread among stray dogs. The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of intestinal parasites in stray dogs in the urban, rural and coastal areas of Mexicali County in northwest Mexico. In 2014, from January to December, 380 stray dogs were captured. The entire small intestine, cecum and faeces samples were collected and examined by using simple zinc sulfate flotation and Lugol’s solution staining. Data were statistically analysed. Overall, about 21.5% of examined dogs were found positive for intestinal parasites. Toxocara canis was the most frequent detected parasite, with a prevalence of 7.1%, followed by Toxascaris leonina (5.5%), Cystoisospora spp. (5.0%), Taenia spp. (3.9%) and Dipylidium caninum (2.8%). Dogs were more frequently found to be infected with a single genus of intestinal parasite (18.7%) than co-infected (2.8%). Intestinal parasites were more prevalent in samples from the coastal area (25%) than in those from the rural (24.4%) and urban (20.6%) areas, however, only statistical association was found between capture area and specific intestinal parasitic infection. There were significant differences in the prevalence of taeniasis among two age groups (P<0.01). A seasonal peak of prevalence for intestinal parasitic infections was found during spring (P<0.05), corresponding with a seasonal peak of prevalence of T. canis (P<0.05). The wide range of isolated parasites indicated that people residing in this area are at risk of exposure to these potentially hazardous zoonotic pathogens

Effect of Chronic Administration of Resveratrol on Cognitive Performance during Aging Process in Rats

The increase in the elderly population has generated concern to meet health demands. The research efforts to elucidate the mechanisms of damage associated with aging have also been significantly increased, especially in order to avoid the reduction of the cognitive abilities in geriatric patients, resulting from the damage generated mainly at the level of the hippocampus during old age. At present, many studies describe resveratrol as an antiaging component. There are reports that it can activate the Sirt1 gene related to antiaging, emulating the effects obtained by caloric restriction in rodents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of chronic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) on cognitive performance in behavioral tests after 8 months of treatment and on the preservation of cerebral integrity in the cytoarchitecture of regions CA1 and CA2. Results showed that the cytoarchitecture of the CA1 and CA2 regions in the hippocampus retained their integrity over time in rats treated with resveratrol, and the behavioral test performed revealed that chronic resveratrol administration for 8 months showed improvements in cognitive performance. The results indicate that resveratrol may exhibit therapeutic potential for age-related conditions