373 research outputs found
Asia-Europe: the third link
The report provides a comprehensive analysis of Europe-East Asia interdependences (in terms of relative economic weights, trade and financial integration, trade and financial flows, exchange rate and wealth transfers). The prime motivation of the paper is that linkages between Europe and East Asia remain frequently underestimated. While the “third link†between them is in many respects as important as the linkages between the two regions and North America, it is too often regarded only as of secondary importance.Regional integration, Financial integration, Trade integration, East Asia, European Monetary Union, Pisani-Ferry , Cohen-Setton
Conductivity landscape of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface containing ribbons and edges
We present an extensive study on electrical spectroscopy of graphene ribbons
and edges of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using atomic force
microscope (AFM). We have addressed in the present study two main issues, (1)
How does the electrical property of the graphite (graphene) sheet change when
the graphite layer is displaced by shear forces? and (2) How does the
electrical property of the graphite sheet change across a step edge? While
addressing these two issues we observed, (1) variation of conductance among the
graphite ribbons on the surface of HOPG. The top layer always exhibits more
conductance than the lower layers, (2) two different monolayer ribbons on the
same sheet of graphite shows different conductance, (3) certain ribbon/sheet
edges show sharp rise in current, (4) certain ribbons/sheets on the same edge
shows both presence and absense of the sharp rise in the current, (5) some
lower layers at the interface near a step edge shows a strange dip in the
current/conductance (depletion of charge). We discuss possible reasons for such
rich conducting landscape on the surface of graphite.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures. For better quality figures please contact autho
A genetically engineered thermally responsive sustained release curcumin depot to treat neuroinflammation.
Radiculopathy, a painful neuroinflammation that can accompany intervertebral disc herniation, is associated with locally increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Systemic administration of TNF antagonists for radiculopathy in the clinic has shown mixed results, and there is growing interest in the local delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat this pathology as well as similar inflammatory events of peripheral nerve injury. Curcumin, a known antagonist of TNFα in multiple cell types and tissues, was chemically modified and conjugated to a thermally responsive elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) to create an injectable depot for sustained, local delivery of curcumin to treat neuroinflammation. ELPs are biopolymers capable of thermally-triggered in situ depot formation that have been successfully employed as drug carriers and biomaterials in several applications. ELP-curcumin conjugates were shown to display high drug loading, rapidly release curcumin in vitro via degradable carbamate bonds, and retain in vitro bioactivity against TNFα-induced cytotoxicity and monocyte activation with IC50 only two-fold higher than curcumin. When injected proximal to the sciatic nerve in mice via intramuscular (i.m.) injection, ELP-curcumin conjugates underwent a thermally triggered soluble-insoluble phase transition, leading to in situ formation of a depot that released curcumin over 4days post-injection and decreased plasma AUC 7-fold
Internal Maxillary Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: Infratemporal Approach for Subcranial-Intracranial (SC-IC) Bypass
BACKGROUND:Internal maxillary artery (IMax)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass has been recently described as an alternative to cervical extracranial-intracranial bypass. This technique uses a keyhole craniectomy in the temporal fossa that requires a technically challenging end-to-side anastomosis.OBJECTIVE:To describe a lateral subtemporal craniectomy of the middle cranial fossa floor to facilitate wide exposure of the IMax to facilitate bypass.METHODS:Orbitozygomatic osteotomy is used followed by frontotemporal craniotomy and subsequently laterotemporal fossa craniectomy, reaching its medial border at a virtual line connecting the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale. The IMax was identified by using established anatomic landmarks, neuronavigation, and micro Doppler probe (Mizuho Inc. Tokyo, Japan). Additionally, we studied the approach in a cadaveric specimen in preparation for microsurgical bypass.RESULTS:There were 4 cases in which the technique was used. One bypass was performed for flow augmentation in a hypoperfused hemisphere. The other 3 were performed as part of treatment paradigms for giant middle cerebral artery aneurysms. Vein grafts were used in all patients. The proximal anastomosis was performed in an end-to-side fashion in 1 patient and end-to-end in 3 patients. Intraoperative graft flow measured with the Transonic flow probe ranged from 20 to 60 mL/min. Postoperative angiography demonstrated good filling of the graft with robust distal flow in all cases. All patients tolerated the procedure well.CONCLUSION:IMax to middle cerebral artery subcranial-intracranial bypass is safe and efficacious. The laterotemporal fossa craniectomy technique resulted in reliable identification and wide exposure of the IMax, facilitating the proximal anastomosis
Age differences in functional brain networks associated with loneliness and empathy
AbstractLoneliness is associated with differences in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) within and between large-scale networks in early- and middle-aged adult cohorts. However, age-related changes in associations between sociality and brain function into late adulthood are not well understood. Here, we examined age differences in the association between two dimensions of sociality—loneliness and empathic responding—and RSFC of the cerebral cortex. Self-report measures of loneliness and empathy were inversely related across the entire sample of younger (mean age = 22.6y, n = 128) and older (mean age = 69.0y, n = 92) adults. Using multivariate analyses of multi-echo fMRI RSFC, we identified distinct functional connectivity patterns for individual and age group differences associated with loneliness and empathic responding. Loneliness in young and empathy in both age groups was related to greater visual network integration with association networks (e.g., default, fronto-parietal control). In contrast, loneliness was positively related to within- and between-network integration of association networks for older adults. These results extend our previous findings in early- and middle-aged cohorts, demonstrating that brain systems associated with loneliness, as well as empathy, differ in older age. Further, the findings suggest that these two aspects of social experience engage different neurocognitive processes across human life-span development
Now you see it, now you don't: star formation truncation precedes the loss of molecular gas by 100 Myr in massive poststarburst galaxies at z ~ 0.6
Interstellar matter and star formatio
Star formation suppression by tidal removal of cold molecular gas from an intermediate-redshift massive post-starburst galaxy
Large scale structure and cosmolog
Rest-frame near-infrared sizes of galaxies at cosmic noon: objects in JWST's mirror are smaller than they appeared
Galaxy sizes and their evolution over cosmic time have been studied for
decades and serve as key tests of galaxy formation models. However, at
these studies have been limited by a lack of deep, high-resolution
rest-frame infrared imaging that accurately traces galaxy stellar mass
distributions. Here, we leverage the new capabilities of the James Webb Space
Telescope to measure the 4.4m sizes of galaxies with
and from public CEERS
imaging in the EGS deep field. We compare the sizes of galaxies measured from
NIRCam imaging at 4.4m (m) with sizes
measured at m (A). We find that, on
average, galaxy half-light radii are % smaller at 4.4m than
1.5m in this sample. This size difference is markedly stronger at higher
stellar masses and redder rest-frame colors: galaxies with have 4.4m sizes that are % smaller
than their 1.5m sizes. Our results indicate that galaxy mass profiles are
significantly more compact than their rest-frame optical light profiles at
cosmic noon, and demonstrate that spatial variations in age and attenuation are
important, particularly for massive galaxies. The trend that we find here
impacts our understanding of the size growth and evolution of galaxies, and
suggests that previous studies based on rest-frame optical light may not have
captured the mass-weighted structural evolution of galaxies. This paper
represents a first step towards a new understanding of the morphologies of
early massive galaxies enabled by JWST's infrared window into the distant
universe.Comment: Accepted to ApJL. 10 pages, 4 figures, 1 table with full size catalog
in F150W and F444
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