519 research outputs found
Effects of pitch and timing expectancy on musical emotion
Pitch and timing information work hand in hand to create a coherent piece of
music; but what happens when this information goes against the norm?
Relationships between musical expectancy and emotional responses were
investigated in a study conducted with 40 participants: 20 musicians and 20
non-musicians. Participants took part in one of two behavioural paradigms
measuring continuous expectancy or emotional responses (arousal and valence)
while listening to folk melodies that exhibited either high or low pitch
predictability and high or low onset predictability. The causal influence of
pitch predictability was investigated in an additional condition where pitch
was artificially manipulated and a comparison conducted between original and
manipulated forms; the dynamic correlative influence of pitch and timing
information and its perception on emotional change during listening was
evaluated using cross-sectional time series analysis. The results indicate that
pitch and onset predictability are consistent predictors of perceived
expectancy and emotional response, with onset carrying more weight than pitch.
In addition, musicians and non-musicians do not differ in their responses,
possibly due to shared cultural background and knowledge. The results
demonstrate in a controlled lab-based setting a precise, quantitative
relationship between the predictability of musical structure, expectation and
emotional response.Comment: 53 pages, 5 figures; Submitted to Psychomusicolog
Group 6 Metal Pentacarbonyl Complexes of Air-Stable Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Ferrocenylethylphosphines
The synthesis and characterization of a series of Group 6 metal pentacarbonyl complexes of air stable primary, secondary, and tertiary phosphines containing ferrocenylethyl substituents are reported [M(CO)5L: M = Cr, Mo, W; L = PH2(CH2CH2Fc), PH(CH2CH2Fc)2, P(CH2CH2Fc)3]. The structure and composition of the complexes were confirmed by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography, and elemental analysis. The solid-state structural data reported revealed trends in M-C and M-P bond lengths that mirrored those of the atomic radii of the Group 6 metals involved. UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry highlighted characteristics consistent with electronically isolated ferrocene units including wavelengths of maximum absorption between 435 and 441 nm and reversible one-electron (per ferrocene unit) oxidation waves between 10 and -5 mV relative to the ferrocene/ferrocenium redox couple. IR spectroscopy confirmed that the Ï donating ability of the phosphines increased as ferrocenylethyl substituents were introduced and that the tertiary phosphine ligand described is a stronger Ï donor than PPh3 and a weaker Ï donor than PEt3, respectively
PVP2006-ICPVT11-93645 CALANDRIA TUBE TO TUBESHEET ROLLER-EXPANDED JOINT QUALIFICATION
ABSTRACT The complex calandria tube to calandria tubesheet roller-expanded joint in CANDU nuclear reactors is usually qualified by test. In this paper, a state-of-the-art numerical simulation is undertaken in order to improve the understanding of the behaviour of the joint to support design modifications and provide assurance that the test rig envelopes behaviour of the in-situ reactor assembly. Parameters such as hoop stress, and plastic deformation of the assembly are predicted. The analysis results are also compared with the available test data and insitu experimental data. The analysis results show that the test performed to qualify the joint using a small plate and single joint is representative of the in-situ reactor configuration
Capture-Recapture Reveals Heterogeneity in Habitat-Specific Mongoose Densities and Spatiotemporal Variability in Trapping Success in St. Kitts, West Indies
The small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata) is a non-native invasive species across the Caribbean and a rabies reservoir on at least four islands in the region. Although previous studies reported mongoose density estimates in their non-native range, the variability in trapping designs, study seasonality, and analytical methods among studies precludes direct comparisons. This study is the first to report mongoose densities for the island of St. Kitts, West Indies. Our objective was to quantify mongoose densities across four habitats characteristic for the island. High capture and recapture rates in this study resulted in detailed estimates of spatial heterogeneity in mongoose densities, ranging from 0.53 (CI95: 0.46â0.61) mongooses/ha in suburban habitat to 5.85 (CI95: 4.42â7.76) mongooses/ha in nearby dry forest. Estimates were robust to the estimation method used (correlation among methods, r \u3e 0.9). Female-biased sex ratios estimated from fall season versus mostly unbiased sex ratios estimated from summer season suggests seasonality in capture success resulting from differences in sex-specific activity patterns of mongooses. We found no effect of habitat characteristics, at the scale of trap placements, associated with mongoose capture success
Modeling Mongoose Rabies in the Caribbean: A Model-Guided Fieldwork Approach to Identify Research Priorities
We applied the model-guided fieldwork framework to the Caribbean mongoose rabies system by parametrizing a spatially-explicit, individual-based model, and by performing an uncertainty analysis designed to identify parameters for which additional empirical data are most needed. Our analysis revealed important variation in output variables characterizing rabies dynamics, namely rabies persistence, exposure level, spatiotemporal distribution, and prevalence. Among epidemiological parameters, rabies transmission rate was the most influential, followed by rabies mortality and location, and size of the initial infection. The most influential landscape parameters included habitat-specific carrying capacities, landscape heterogeneity, and the level of resistance to dispersal associated with topography. Movement variables, including juvenile dispersal, adult fine-scale movement distances, and home range size, as well as life history traits such as age of independence, birth seasonality, and age- and sex-specific mortality were other important drivers of rabies dynamics. We discuss results in the context of mongoose ecology and its influence on disease transmission dynamics. Finally, we suggest empirical approaches and study design specificities that would provide optimal contributing data addressing the knowledge gaps identified by our approach, and would increase our potential to use epidemiological models to guide mongoose rabies control and management in the Caribbean
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Catalase Prevents Maternal DiabetesâInduced Perinatal Programming via the Nrf2âHO-1 Defense System
We investigated whether overexpression of catalase (CAT) in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) could prevent the programming of hypertension and kidney disease in the offspring of dams with maternal diabetes. Male offspring of nondiabetic and diabetic dams from two transgenic (Tg) lines (Hoxb7-green fluorescent protein [GFP]-Tg [controls] and Hoxb7/CAT-GFP-Tg, which overexpress CAT in RPTCs) were studied from the prenatal period into adulthood. Nephrogenesis, systolic blood pressure, renal hyperfiltration, kidney injury, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were assessed. Gene expression of transforming growth factor-ÎČ1 (TGF-ÎČ1), nuclear factor erythroid 2p45ârelated factor-2 (Nrf2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was tested in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Renal dysmorphogenesis was observed in offspring of Hoxb7-GFP-Tg dams with severe maternal diabetes; the affected male offspring displayed higher renal ROS generation and developed hypertension and renal hyperfiltration as well as renal injury with heightened TGF-ÎČ1 expression in adulthood. These changes were ameliorated in male offspring of diabetic Hoxb7/CAT-GFP-Tg dams via the Nrf2âHO-1 defense system. CAT promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 gene expression, seen in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In conclusion, CAT overexpression in the RPTCs ameliorated maternal diabetesâinduced perinatal programming, mediated, at least in part, by triggering the Nrf2âHO-1 defense system
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Impact of particles on the Planck HFI detectors: Ground-based measurements and physical interpretation
The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) surveyed the sky continuously from
August 2009 to January 2012. Its noise and sensitivity performance were
excellent, but the rate of cosmic ray impacts on the HFI detectors was
unexpectedly high. Furthermore, collisions of cosmic rays with the focal plane
produced transient signals in the data (glitches) with a wide range of
characteristics. A study of cosmic ray impacts on the HFI detector modules has
been undertaken to categorize and characterize the glitches, to correct the HFI
time-ordered data, and understand the residual effects on Planck maps and data
products. This paper presents an evaluation of the physical origins of glitches
observed by the HFI detectors. In order to better understand the glitches
observed by HFI in flight, several ground-based experiments were conducted with
flight-spare HFI bolometer modules. The experiments were conducted between 2010
and 2013 with HFI test bolometers in different configurations using varying
particles and impact energies. The bolometer modules were exposed to 23 MeV
protons from the Orsay IPN TANDEM accelerator, and to Am and Cm
-particle and Fe radioactive X-ray sources. The calibration data
from the HFI ground-based preflight tests were used to further characterize the
glitches and compare glitch rates with statistical expectations under
laboratory conditions. Test results provide strong evidence that the dominant
family of glitches observed in flight are due to cosmic ray absorption by the
silicon die substrate on which the HFI detectors reside. Glitch energy is
propagated to the thermistor by ballistic phonons, while there is also a
thermal diffusion contribution. The implications of these results for future
satellite missions, especially those in the far-infrared to sub-millimetre and
millimetre regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figure
Modelling Service Level Agreements for Business Process Outsourcing Services
Many proposals to model service level agreements (SLAs) have been elaborated in order to automate different stages of the service lifecycle such as monitoring, implementation or deployment. All of them have been designed for computational services and are not wellâsuited for other types of services such as business process outsourcing (BPO) services. However, BPO services suported by processâaware information systems could also benefit from modelling SLAs in tasks such as performance monitoring, human resource assignment or process configuration. In this paper, we identify the requirements for modelling such SLAs and detail how they can be faced by combining techniques used to model computational SLAs, business processes, and process performance indicators. Furthermore, our approach has been validated through the modelling of several real BPO SLAsMinisterio de EconomĂa y Competitividad TIN2012-32273Junta de AndalucĂa TIC-5906Junta de AndalucĂa P12-TIC-186
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