Ion exchange system design for removal of heavy metals from acid mine drainage wastewater

This paper discusses the methodology used to determine the optimal ion-exchange column size to process all separate batchesof feeds from acid mine drainage wastewater.The optimal design ensures the best utilization of resin material and therefore results in a minimum amount of spent resins.Ion exchanger materials have been studied for removing heavy metals from a metal bearing wastes. For the current treatment,a facility has been designed for the removal of heavy metals from the acid mine drainage (AMD) waste by the ion-exchange technology

Location Based Spatial Query Processing In Wireless System

Location-based spatial queries (LBSQs) refer to spatial queries whose answers rely on the location of the inquirer.Efficient processing of LBSQs is of critical importance with the ever-increasing deployment and use of mobiletechnologies. Input of the system will be the radius of the region the center of which is the user current locationand the type of entity such as bank, malls etc. Output will consist of the user requested entities ranked in theincreasing distance. Our database will consist of all the entities with their type and geographic location. Ouralgorithm will find out all the locations within the specified region intended by the user. All these points will beused for firing the query along with the entity type to obtain a result set. Real time response due to the mobilenature of the user and the accuracy are considerable issues to be taken care of. Furthermore the air as mediapresents the issues for the abnormal connection loss and errorsKeywords: Spatial query, GPS

An Ant Colony Optimization based Routing Techniques for VANET

With number of moving vehicles, vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is formed. These are provided with the wireless connections. Among various challenges in the VANET such as security and privacy of the messages, data forwarding is also considered as a major challenge. The effective communication is mainly depends on the how safely and fast the data is being forwarded among the vehicles. Data forwarding using Greedy mechanism suitable for routing in the VANETs, it depends only on the position of nodes and also data forwarding is done with minimum number of hops. In this paper, Position based GPCR and topology based DYMO routing protocol are adapted to make the use of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedures. The resulting bio-inspired protocols, ACO_GPCR and ACO_DYMO had its performance evaluated and compared against existing GPCR and DYMO routing protocols. The obtained results suggest that making the use of ACO algorithm make these protocols more efficient in terms of Delay, Jitter, Packet Delivery Ratio and energy consumption

Morphometric studies in the genus Clerodendrum L.

Six Clerodendrum L. species from Kolhapur district were morphometrically analyzed with the help of PCA, cluster analysis and CD. It was observed that the quantitative characters viz. petiole length, leaf length and leaf width have great significance in delimitation of all the species and corolla tube length, leaf width, gynoecium length and leaf length have great contribution in separation of the taxa. Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O. Ktze.- Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn., Clerodendrum paniculatum L. - Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. and Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn. - Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon. are very closely related with each other and Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O.Ktze.- Clerodendrum paniculatum L. and Clerodendrum multiflorum (Burm.f.) O. Ktze. - Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. are significantly different from each other

A PILOT STUDY OF PIPPALYADI TAILA YONIPICHU IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KAPHAJA YONIYVAPAD (NON-SPECIFIC VAGINITIS)

Background: Vaginitis is an inflammatory process involving the vagina, expanding often to the contiguous anatomical structures (cervix and vulva). Non-specific vaginitis is usually caused by an alteration (disruption) of the normal vaginal microflora, usually represented by the presence of Lactobacilli. Nonspecific vaginitis can be correlated to Kaphaja Yonivyapad based on its Lakshanas. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Pippalyadi taila yoni Pichu in management of Kaphaja yoni vyapad. Design: This was a pilot study that included twenty female patients of Kaphaja yonivyapad (non specific vaginitis) from the Dept. of Prasooti tantra and Stree roga OPD of Rajiv Gandhi educational society’s Ayurvedic Medical College, Ron. Patients were administered Pippalyadi taila yonipichu for 7 days and were assessed before and after the treatment and followed up on the 14th day. Results: This pilot study showed statistically significant changes in reduction of Katishoola (p<0.001), Kandu (p<0.001), consistency of the srava (p<0.001) and Srava pramana (quantity of the discharge) (p<0.001) showing the effectiveness of Pippalyadi taila yoni Pichu in the management of Kaphaja yonivyapad. Conclusions: Pippalyadi taila yonipichu showed significant changes in the management of Kaphaja yoni Vyapad with the reduction of Katishoola, Kandu, consistency of the Srava and Srava pramana after the treatment

Obstetric outcome in elderly gravida

Background: Maternal age is an important determinant of the outcome of pregnancy. Advanced maternal age generally signify age after 35 years at the time of delivery. It is associated with decreased fertility and increased risk. Elderly gravida is associated with many complications during pregnancy, labour and also for the baby. In recent times women has changed their lifestyles such as pursuit of higher education and entry into work forces and career advancement outside the home.Methods: This was a retrospective study done in 57 elderly pregnant women more than 33 years age, over a period of 18 months, conducted in a multi-specialty hospital.Results: 57 elderly pregnant women were selected for the study. 47% were in age group of 33-35 years and 42% were in age group of 36-40 years. 61.40% patients were housewives and 38.59% were employed. 50.8% of patients had history of previous abortions and 35% were conceived after treatment for sterility. 64.9% of patients conceived spontaneously and 35% by assisted reproductive technology. Majority of patients (33.3%) required Invitro-fertilization. Multiple pregnancy was high- 21.05%. Hypertension was observed in 26.3% of patients, Antepartum haemorrhage in 4.34%,  Preterm delivery  49.1%, Induction of labour in 10.52%, Normal vaginal delivery only in14%. Majority of patients (80.7%) were delivered by caesarean section.Conclusions: Elderly pregnant patients have higher risks of specific pregnancy complications which contribute to a higher frequency of maternal morbidity and greater health care costs. The risks are due to Hypertension, diabetes, multiple pregnancy, preterm labour, antepartum haemorrhage, PROM, malpresentation, prolonged labour, increased caesarean section rate and postpartum haemorrhage

In vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of Jatropha species

Leaf extracts, stem extract, roots extract, latex and oil of Jatropha curcas, J. glandulufera, J. integerrima and J. gossypofolia were screened in order to study their effect on plant pathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani and plant pathogenic bacteria Erwinia carotovora pv. Carotovora, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Xanthomonas campestris pv. Citri and Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae. Degree of variation of antifungal and antibacterial activity of different parts of Jatropha sp. was observed

Chemoselective C-benzoylation of phenols by using AlCl3 under solvent-free conditions

Substituted phenols were chemo-selectively reacted with benzoylchloride in presence of aluminum chloride under solvent-free condition to afford the corresponding 2'-hydroxy aryl benzophenones in excellent yields (72-96%). Naphthol benzoylation resulted in lower yields as compared to phenols. Both reactions completed in 5-10 min with quantitative yields providing excellent control over regioselectivity of products. KEY WORDS: Chemoselective C-acylation, F-C reaction, Fries rearrangement Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2015, 29(2), 319-325DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v29i2.1

Perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios and borderline amniotic fluid index: a comparative study

Background: Oligohydramnios is associated with adverse perinatal outcome in the form of meconium staining, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), caesarean section for abnormal fetal heart rate tracing, low Apgar score and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission.Methods: This was a prospective study of 100 singleton pregnancies beyond 28 weeks of gestation with AFI< 8 cm, delivered within seven days of admission. Patients were divided in two groups, those with AFI ≤ 5 cm and borderline AFI of 5.1 to 8 cm. Perinatal outcome was studied in the form of onset of labor, mode of delivery, fetal heart rate variations, meconium staining  and lower segment caesarean section (LSCS) for fetal distress, Apgar score, birth weight, NICU admission and neonatal mortality.Results: Patients with oligohydramnios with AFI ≤5 cm were significantly associated with IUGR and presence of abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (p <0.05). Adverse perinatal outcome was seen in higher percentage of patients having AFI ≤5 cm than with borderline AFI. The difference was statistically significant for overall caesarean delivery rate and LSCS for fetal distress (p <0.05).Conclusions: Oligohydramnios with AFI of ≤5 cm is associated with high caesarean delivery rate and LSCS for fetal distress