The literature review of the governance frameworks in health system

Introduction: Governance in the health system refers to a range of decision making, and implementation undertakings conducted by decision-makers as they find ways to achieve national health policy objectives that are favourable to each country's health system. Currently, there are different types of frameworks that have been developed and these frameworks try to operationalize and assess how principles of governance at different levels of a health system are administered. While a number of frameworks for assessing governance in the health sector have been proposed, their application is often constrained by impractical indicators that are often not well-grounded, resulting in limited pragmatic work on governance in the health systems itself.Methods: Adopting a scoping review method, articles were identified using these databases namely BMC, Emerald, Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Sage, Springer, Taylors & Francis, WHO and Wiley. Only articles written and published in English from 2009 to 2019 were included.Results: 5 of the frameworks have actually been tested and operationalized in practice from the 13 identified and reviewed frameworks that are largely theoretically based.Conclusion: A multitude of frameworks to assess health systems governance exist, however, there are not many examples of their application in the literature and healthcare systems with well-grounded proven results. Consequently, to facilitate a more comprehensive assessment and peruse of governance frameworks in health systems, the health system should have clear goals with continuous and committed support by accountable decision-makers pivoted by principles of good governance

Evaluation of Inhibitive Action of Sodium Benzoate on Corrosion Behaviour of AA6063 in Seawater

Corrosion is a fundamental process which plays an important role in economics and safety. Apparently, corrosion cannot be avoided, but its severity can be prevented. Inhibitors have always been considered to be the first line of defense against corrosion. Several corrosion inhibitors are available today. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium benzoate as an inhibitor to slow down or prevent corrosion. This project involves the use of gravimetric measurements, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to evaluate inhibitive action of sodium benzoate on corrosion behavior of AA6063 aluminium alloy in seawater. The electrochemical measurements showed that the presence of sodium benzoate as an inhibitor significantly decrease the weight loss, corrosion current densities (icorr), corrosion rates and double layer capacitance (Cdl), whilst increasing the polarization resistance (Rp)

Efficiency comparison of some natural products on corrosion inhibition of Al-Mg-Si alloy

The comparison of the efficiency of some natural products (natural honey, vanillin and tapioca starch) on corrosion inhibition of Al-Mg-Si alloy is investigated in seawater solution at room temperature, using potentiodynamic polarization (PP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The evolution of the corrosion potential (Ecorr) and corrosion current density (icorr) obtained from Tafel extrapolation of polarization curves, and the polarization resistance (Rp) values determined from LPR and EIS measurements indicate that the corrosion rates of Al-Mg-Si alloy decrease with the increasing the natural products concentration. In all cases, the increasing order of inhibition efficiency is: Natural honey < Vanillin < Tapioca starch