25 research outputs found
Toxicity and Applications of Internalised Magnetite Nanoparticles Within Live Paramecium caudatum Cells
© 2017, The Author(s). The nanotechnology revolution has allowed us to speculate on the possibility of hybridising nanoscale materials with live substrates, yet significant doubt still remains pertaining to the effects of nanomaterials on biological matter. In this investigation, we cultivate the ciliated protistic pond-dwelling microorganism Paramecium caudatum in the presence of excessive quantities of magnetite nanoparticles in order to deduce potential beneficial applications for this technique, as well as observe any deleterious effects on the organisms’ health. Our findings indicate that this variety of nanoparticle is well-tolerated by P. caudatum cells, who were observed to consume them in quantities exceeding 5–12% of their body volume: cultivation in the presence of magnetite nanoparticles does not alter P. caudatum cell volume, swimming speed, growth rate or peak colony density and cultures may persist in nanoparticle-contaminated media for many weeks. We demonstrate that P. caudatum cells ingest starch-coated magnetite nanoparticles which facilitates their being magnetically immobilised whilst maintaining apparently normal ciliary dynamics, thus demonstrating that nanoparticle biohybridisation is a viable alternative to conventional forms of ciliate quieting. Ingested magnetite nanoparticle deposits appear to aggregate, suggesting that (a) the process of being internalised concentrates and may therefore detoxify (i.e. render less reactive) nanomaterial suspensions in aquatic environments, and (b) P. caudatum is a candidate organism for programmable nanomaterial manipulation and delivery
Proses Pengisian Stope Dengan Material Tailing Di Pertambangan Emas Pongkor
Underground mine system applied in mining of gold Pongkor is cut and fill in overhand stoping. Every advances from mining activity must be followed with recharging stope at district ex-production. This impregnation meant as buffer and base treads on the workers when continuing activity of other production. To cost effective supply of material and exploits material is around in mine. Hence applied tailing result of processing as the filler material. Problems arising is if target of produce of 500 ton/day, hence tailing material insufficient hole plug to ex the production. Result of analysis happened transformation of density ore out of 265 ton/m3 becomes 1952 ton/m3 so that acquired percent become 73.3%. Because percentage tailing required is 94%, then happened lacking of filler material 108.48 m3/day. To overcome it need to be strived acquired percent langer ones by minimizing leakances happened at stone and can apply trass material which many there is around locatio
Approach to Rapid Synthesis and Functionalization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for High Gene Transfection
Surface
functionalization of theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) typically relies
on lengthy, aqueous postsynthesis labeling chemistries that have limited
ability to fine-tune surface properties and can lead to NP heterogeneity.
The need for a rapid, simple synthesis approach that can provide great
control over the display of functional moieties on NP surfaces has
led to increased use of highly selective bioorthoganol chemistries
including metal-affinity coordination. Here we report a simple approach
for rapid production of a superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs (SPIONs)
with tunable functionality and high reproducibility under aqueous
conditions. We utilize the high affinity complex formed between catechol
and Fe<sup>(III)</sup> as a means to dock well-defined catechol modified
polymer modules on the surface of SPIONs during sonochemical coprecipitation
synthesis. Polymer modules consisted of chitosan and polyÂ(ethylene
glycol) (PEG) copolymer (CP) modified with catechol (CCP), and CCP
functionalized with cationic polyethylenimine (CCP-PEI) to facilitate
binding and delivery of DNA for gene therapy. This rapid synthesis/functionalization
approach provided excellent control over the extent of PEI labeling,
improved SPION magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast enhancement
and produced an efficient transfection agent
Nanoparticle Biokinetics in Mice and Nonhuman Primates
Despite the preponderance of iron
oxide nanoparticles (NPs) designed
for theranostic applications, widespread clinical translation of these
NPs lags behind. A better understanding of how NP pharmacokinetics
vary between small and large animal models is needed to rapidly customize
NPs for optimal performance in humans. Here we use noninvasive magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) to track iron oxide NPs through a large number
of organ systems <i>in vivo</i> to investigate NP biokinetics
in both mice and nonhuman primates. We demonstrate that pharmacokinetics
are similar between mice and macaques in the blood, liver, spleen,
and muscle, but differ in the kidneys, brain, and bone marrow. Our
study also demonstrates that full-body MRI is practical, rapid, and
cost-effective for tracking NPs noninvasively with high spatiotemporal
resolution. Our techniques using a nonhuman primate model may provide
a platform for testing a range of NP formulations