An investigation of solubility and diffusion of oxygen in refractory metals Quarterly report, Jan. - Mar. 1966

Solubility and diffusion of oxygen in refractory metals measured by electrical resistivit

Organic slug control using Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita

Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita is a lethal slug parasitic nematode that has been formulated into an effective biological control agent called Nemaslug®. We investigated the possibility of using different application methods of P. hermaphrodita to reduce cost and the number of nematodes applied. We also compared P. hermaphrodita with a new slug pellet called Ferramol®, which is available for use on organic farms

Web 2.0 and micro-businesses: An exploratory investigation

This is the author's final version of the article. This article is (c) Emerald Group Publishing and permission has been granted for this version to appear here. Emerald does not grant permission for this article to be further copied/distributed or hosted elsewhere without the express permission from Emerald Group Publishing Limited.This article was chosen as a Highly Commended Award Winner at the Emerald Literati Network Awards for Excellence 2013.Purpose – The paper aims to report on an exploratory study into how small businesses use Web 2.0 information and communication technologies (ICT) to work collaboratively with other small businesses. The study had two aims: to investigate the benefits available from the use of Web 2.0 in small business collaborations, and to characterize the different types of such online collaborations. Design/methodology/approach – The research uses a qualitative case study methodology based on semi-structured interviews with the owner-managers of 12 UK-based small companies in the business services sector who are early adopters of Web 2.0 technologies. Findings – Benefits from the use of Web 2.0 are categorized as lifestyle benefits, internal operational efficiency, enhanced capability, external communications and enhanced service offerings. A 2×2 framework is developed to categorize small business collaborations using the dimensions of the basis for inter-organizational collaboration (control vs cooperation) and the level of Web 2.0 ICT use (simple vs sophisticated). Research limitations/implications – A small number of firms of similar size, sector and location were studied, which limits generalizability. Nonetheless, the results offer a pointer to the likely future use of Web 2.0 tools by other small businesses. Practical implications – The research provides evidence of the attraction and potential of Web 2.0 for collaborations between small businesses. Originality/value – The paper is one of the first to report on use of Web 2.0 ICT in collaborative working between small businesses. It will be of interest to those seeking a better understanding of the potential of Web 2.0 in the small business community.WestFocu

Solubility and diffusion of oxygen in tantalum

Solubility of oxygen in tantalum determined by resistivity techniqu

The Spectroscopy of Nuclear Gamma-Rays

Abstract Not Provided

The gastropod shell has been co-opted to kill parasitic nematodes

Exoskeletons have evolved 18 times independently over 550 MYA and are essential for the success of the Gastropoda. The gastropod shell shows a vast array of different sizes, shapes and structures, and is made of conchiolin and calcium carbonate, which provides protection from predators and extreme environmental conditions. Here, I report that the gastropod shell has another function and has been co-opted as a defense system to encase and kill parasitic nematodes. Upon infection, cells on the inner layer of the shell adhere to the nematode cuticle, swarm over its body and fuse it to the inside of the shell. Shells of wild Cepaea nemoralis, C. hortensis and Cornu aspersum from around the U.K. are heavily infected with several nematode species including Caenorhabditis elegans. By examining conchology collections I show that nematodes are permanently fixed in shells for hundreds of years and that nematode encapsulation is a pleisomorphic trait, prevalent in both the achatinoid and non-achatinoid clades of the Stylommatophora (and slugs and shelled slugs), which diverged 90–130 MYA. Taken together, these results show that the shell also evolved to kill parasitic nematodes and this is the only example of an exoskeleton that has been co-opted as an immune system

The geology of the Barbon and Middleton Fells, near Kirkby Lonsdale, Westmorland

The results of stratigraphical, palaeontological, petrographical, and sedimentological investigations into the Silurian strata of the Barbon and Middleton Fells, east of the Lune Valley Westmorland, are described,and compared with strata of a similar age in other parts of the country.A detailed stratigraphical succession has been erected for the first time, the strata having been sub-divided on a lithological basis into the Coniston Grits and Bannisdale Slates. Zoning of this succession by means of the graptolite faunas reveals that the lundgreni, nilssoni-scanicus, leintwardinensis incipiens and leintwardinensis leintwardinensis zones are present in the area. The lundgreni fauna which is indicative of the upper part of the Wenlock Series, is restricted almost entirely to the southern extremity of the area. The remainder of the strata fall within the Ludlow Series.Statistical investigations into the petrography of the coarse sediments have shown that they may be classified as fine grained greywackes, which have been derived from the northern part of the Southern Uplands. Consideration of sedimentary structures and changes in thickness and grain size of the sediments in adjacent areas supports this conclusion. This indicates that there is little evidence in favour of the Lake District and Southern Uplands areas of deposition being separated by a border land mass in Ludlovian times.The coarse grained sediments are shown to have been brought into the area from the north-west, by comparatively vigorous turbidity currents. Finer grained sediments, however, are considered to represent deposition from low grade currents during quiescent periods which become more and more dominant in the higher parts of the succession. Pyritic films in these finer sediments suggest that deposition took place under anaerobic conditions.Consideration of the structure has revealed that during the Caledonian orogeny the sediments were folded and faulted along WNW-ESE axes, to produce two large open synclines on which minor folding is superimposed. The effect of the later Hercynian orogeny was to introduce a set of N-S and NE-SW trending faults into the area, and to tilt the strata slightly to the north-west

On the magnetospheric ULF wave counterpart of substorm onset

One near‐ubiquitous signature of substorms observed on the ground is the azimuthal structuring of the onset auroral arc in the minutes prior to onset. Termed auroral beads, these optical signatures correspond to concurrent exponential increases in ground ultralow frequency (ULF) wave power and are likely the result of a plasma instability in the magnetosphere. Here, we present a case study showing the development of auroral beads from a Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky camera with near simultaneous exponential increases in auroral brightness, ionospheric and conjugate magnetotail ULF wave power, evidencing their intrinsic link. We further present a survey of magnetic field fluctuations in the magnetotail around substorm onset. We find remarkably similar superposed epoch analyses of ULF power around substorm onset from space and conjugate ionospheric observations. Examining periods of exponential wave growth, we find the ground‐ and space‐based observations to be consistent, with average growth rates of ∼0.01 s−1, lasting for ∼4 min. Cross‐correlation suggests that the space‐based observations lead those on the ground by approximately 1–1.5 min. Meanwhile, spacecraft located premidnight and ∼10 RE downtail are more likely to observe enhanced wave power. These combined observations lead us to conclude that there is a magnetospheric counterpart of auroral beads and exponentially increasing ground ULF wave power. This is likely the result of the linear phase of a magnetospheric instability, active in the magnetotail for several minutes prior to auroral breakup