Test of the τ-model of Bose–Einstein correlations and reconstruction of the source function in hadronic Z-boson decay at LEP

Bose–Einstein correlations of pairs of identical charged pions produced in hadronic Z decays are analyzed in terms of various parametrizations. A good description is achieved using a Lévy stable distribution in conjunction with a model where a particle’s momentum is correlated with its space–time point of production, the τ-model. Using this description and the measured rapidity and transverse momentum distributions, the space–time evolution of particle emission in two-jet events is reconstructed. However, the elongation of the particle emission region previously observed is not accommodated in the τ-model, and this is investigated using an ad hoc modification

Increasing the contribution of personal gardening to providing food security

The article discusses the functional role of personal gardening in ensuring food security in the context of economic sanctions, the historical roots of this institution, and its future. Differences in the interests in gardening among different groups of the population, the formation of production efficiency in various types of farms, and the potential for the development of cooperation, which allows for a more efficient distribution of funds intended to support personal gardening, are analysed. The form of subsistence farming in Russia has changed several times over the last century, especially under the course of collectivisation and during transition to a market economy model. The existing economic distinction between smallholdings in rural areas and collective gardens is now more and more blurred. Compliance with the principle of justice requires appropriate changes in their institutional design. The low production level, the manual labor predominance have been noted that also require changes. The efficiency criterion for personal gardening is cost savings, which differs from the corresponding criterion in the market sector – production profitability. The authors suggest restructuring collective gardens into livable places for our fellow citizens. This requires great deal of work on water supply and sanitation, electricity supply, gas supply, repair and construction of roads, garbage disposal, etc. A successful tool for solving these problems is the experience of the Fund for the Horticultural Associations’ Infrastructure Development in Bashkiria. The creation of service centers for tillage, rental points for small equipment, cooperatives for the sale of surplus products will make it possible to turn orchards into an important source of fruits, vegetables and berries

Methods and software tools of morphological disambiguation in the texts in tatar

© Research India Publications. This article provides a review of analytical methods for resolving the problem of morphological ambiguity and analysis of their applicability to the Tatar language. Since the task was set still in the 50-60-ies of XX century, the methods of solution have been accumulated quite a lot. Basically they can be divided into methods of rule-based and statistical and probabilistic methods. Methods are mainly language independent, each has its advantages and disadvantages, and their accuracy varies from one language to another. For example, for the English language, which has a poor morphology and the fixed order of the words, the accuracy reaches 94-96%. And for the Russian language with free word order, such accuracy is difficult. To resolve the ambiguity in morphological Tatar language in terms of the characteristics of the language such as agglutinative feature and free word order, it is offered a fusion of these methods, by which a high precision resolution is supposed to be achieved. At the moment, the research is still in progress, the tools for the development of contextual rules have been designed, subcorpus for statistical machine learning and probabilistic models is also being elaborated. In addition to the methods, the article describes the current state of the electronic corpus of the Tatar language, and discusses the problems and possible solutions to the problem of polysemanticism in the corpus markings

Ensuring homogeneity of regional socio-economic development: Republic of Bashkortostan case study

Over the past several years, an increase in regions’ heterogeneity determined by the uneven distribution of resources, lack of effective levers of innovation management, and the growing shortage of financial resources has become one of the main features of regions’ socio-economic development. That has led to their disintegration into territories that are quite different in terms of socio-economic development. The need for the use of levers of economic regulation is specific to each territory, which means that management systems react to corresponding signals quite differently. In the article, the homogeneity of the socio-economic system, its basic element being the region, is dealt with based on the connectivity of the economy. The capacity of the flows of goods and services, development of the corresponding infrastructure, optimality of population settlement, and reasonableness of financial resources redistribution, which implies the effectiveness of their use in order to stimulate economic activities and ensure innovation, are taken into account

Interregional cooperation in the development of region industry in the context of economic sanctions

Increasing the competitiveness of industrial production largely depends on the development of interregional cooperation, which implies a deepening of specialization. The other side of cooperation is the expansion of interregional exchange. In modern conditions, cooperation and exchange ties extend not only to the domestic market, but also to the external one. Dependence on foreign markets has already become decisive for many countries today. Different regions of Russia depend on foreign markets in different ways. These differences also apply to activities. The article discusses the content and tasks of restructuring ties for cooperation in the industry of the Republic of Bashkortostan in the context of economic sanctions. Among the emerging problems are the narrowing of sales markets, breaks in technological chains and the associated decrease in the level of innovation and competitiveness of enterprises. The mechanism for restoring the integrity of production chains is shown, including the reorientation of the exchange to friendly countries, the search for and finding sources of goods and services within the country, for which it is proposed to organize joint production of components and expand their existing production facilities, with the involvement of potential consumers

Determining the prospect for activation of interregional economic interactions in modern conditions

The article is devoted to the study of the potential for enhancing interregional cooperation and its main directions. The purpose of the study is to substantiate promising areas of interregional interaction of the Republic of Bashkortostan with neighbouring regions based on an assessment of competitive advantages. In accordance with the goal set, the development levels of individual regions have been determined; the competitive economic activities in them have been evaluated; the specialization of regions, taking into account their competitiveness, as well as the budgetary basis for the development of interregional relations have been identified. The study uses a systematic analysis of economic differences between the regions, identifying the directions of economic reserve flows on the basis of the criterion of alignment of their returns. The differences between the regions in natural conditions and natural resources, in specialization by type of economic activity and by individual types of agricultural products are considered as an economic basis for interregional interaction

First Measurement of Bose-Einstein Correlations in Proton-Proton Collisions at √s=0.9 and 2.36 TeV at the LHC

Bose-Einstein correlations have been measured using samples of proton-proton collisions at 0.9 and 2.36 TeV center-of-mass energies, recorded by the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The signal is observed in the form of an enhancement of pairs of same-sign charged particles with small relative four-momentum. The size of the correlated particle emission region is seen to increase significantly with the particle multiplicity of the event

Context-Based Rules for Grammatical Disambiguation in the Tatar Language

© 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. The paper is dedicated to the problem of grammatical ambiguity in the Tatar National Corpus and describes the methodology and software used for automation of the disambiguation process. Grammatical ambiguity is widely represented in agglutinative languages like Turkic or Finno-Ugric. Disambiguation in the corpus is based on the context-oriented classification of ambiguity types which has been carried out on corpus data in the Tatar language for the first time. In this study the corpus is used as a source for the research and at the same time as a destination for implementing the results. The grammatical ambiguity types are detected automatically using the finite-state morphological analyzer and then classified. In order to build up the grammatically disambiguated subcorpus, a special software module was developed. It searches for ambiguous tokens in the corpus, collects statistical information and allows creating and implementing the formal context-based disambiguation rules for different ambiguity types

Transverse-Momentum and Pseudorapidity Distributions of Charged Hadrons in pp Collisions at √s=7 TeV

Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at √s=7  TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity dN_(ch)/dη||η|<0.5=5.78±0.01(stat)±0.23(syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from √s=0.9 to 7 TeV is [66.1±1.0(stat)±4.2(syst)]%. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545±0.005(stat)±0.015(syst)  GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies