Site suitability analysis for decentralized sustainable solid waste management system for Coimbatore city using GIS.

          The effective solid waste management in a developing country like India has become an essential concern of the society. Municipality and corporation have framed many policies and municipal solid waste rules for a sustainable solid waste management, but the increase in population and urbanization leads to many challenges in implementing an effective system. Disposal of waste is an important action in solid waste management but due to many flaws in system the centralized disposal of waste is not effective. In this research the site selection for decentralized processing unit zone wise is done using GIS and weighted overlay analysis. The weighted overlay analysis is done by using thematic layers like land use land cover, geomorphology, geology, soil, lineaments, ground water depth, distance from water bodies, distance from railway track, drainage density, road density ,distance from roads are used as inventory maps to arrive the suitable area to carry out decentralized solid waste management. The results revealed the suitable area in sqkm under five classifications as highly suitable, high to moderately suitable, moderately suitable, poorly suitable and not suitable. Keywords: site suitability, south zone, Coimbatore decentralized waste management, weighted overlay analysis

Analysis of distribution of DNA methylation in kidney-renal-clear-cell-carcinoma specific genes using entropy

AbstractDNA Methylation is an epigenetic phenomenon in which methyl groups are added to the cytosines, thereby altering the physio-chemical properties of the DNA region and influencing gene expression. Aberrant DNA methylation in a set of genes or across the genome results in many epigenetic diseases including cancer. In this paper, we use entropy to analyze the extent and distribution of DNA methylation in Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSG's) and Oncogenes related to a specific type of cancer (viz.) KIRC (Kidney-renal-clear-cell-carcinoma). We apply various mathematical transformations to enhance the different regions in DNA methylation distribution and compare the resultant entropies for healthy and tumor samples. We also obtain the sensitivity and specificity of classification for the different mathematical transformations. Our findings show that it is not just the measure of methylation, but the distribution of the methylation levels in the genes that are significant in cancer

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF SINAPIC ACID: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO APPROACH

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of sinapic acid in both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, we have reported that oral administration of sinapic acid (3,5-dimethoxy 4-hydroxycinnamic acid) an active phyto ingredient widely distributed in rye, mustard, berries, and vegetables has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia.Methods: Experimental Type 2 diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by feeding high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance followed by intraperitoneal administration of a single low dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight [bw]). Sinapic acid was administered orally at a concentration of 25 mg/kg bw/rat/day for 30 days, and its efficacy was compared with metformin. In vitro, antioxidant scavenging properties of sinapic acid were determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), superoxide, and nitric oxide (NO) assay.Results: Sinapic acid treatment showed a significant decline in the levels of lipid peroxides, hydroperoxides and protein carbonyls in the plasma and vital tissues of diabetic rats. The treatment also improved the antioxidant status in diabetic rats indicating the antioxidant potential of sinapic acid. In addition, the results of DPPH, ABTS, superoxide, and NO radical scavenging assays substantiate the free radical scavenging efficacy of sinapic acid.Conclusion: The results of this study evidenced that sinapic acid possess significant antioxidant properties which in turn may be responsible for its antidiabetic properties

DESIGN OF NEW HIGH SPEED MULTI OUTPUT CARRY LOOK-AHEAD ADDERS

The carry look-ahead adders are designed till now by using standard 4 bit Manchester carry chain. Due to its limited carry chain length, the carries of the adders are computed using 4 bit carry chain. This leads to slow down the operation. A high speed 8 bit (MCC) adder in multi output domino CMOS logic is designed in this thesis. Due to its limited carry chain length this high speed MCC uses 2 separate 4-bit MCC. The 2 MCC namely odd carry chain and even carry chain are computed in parallel to increase the speed of the operation. This technique has been applied for the design of 8 bit adders in multi output domino logic and the simulation results are verified. Results prove that 8 bit MCC produces less delay compared to conventional 4 bit delay. The reduced delay realizes better speed compared to the conventional designs. The existing design and the previous designs are designed and simulated using Mentor Graphics. The delay of these designs is compared with 8 bit input and with 50 nm technology file. Implementation results reveal that the high speed comparator has delay of 37.47% less compared to the conventional designs used for comparison when operated at 50 MHz

Rough Set Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks using Membership Function and Rough Labelling Graphs for Energy Aware Routing

Rough set theory and rough graphs are employed for data analysis. Rough graphs utilize approximations, and this paper presents a method for implementing rough graphs using rough membership functions and graph labeling for data structures and reduction. This paper proposes a rough graph labeling method, termed rough -labeling similarity graph, that utilizes a similarity measure for vertex and edge labeling. This method aims to minimize boundary regions in rough graphs and is applicable to wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In WSN, the proposed algorithms such as PSO-LSTM, COA-LSTM, LOA-LSTM integrates with rough set theory based rough -labeling for boundary region identification. The proposed method incorporates the membership functions encapsulates the rough labeling graphs for cluster boundary region identification for WSN. The cluster boundary for WSN is based on rough set membership and rough labelling is termed as rough set membership boundary region (RMB). RMB in WSN and implementation of proposed routing algorithm such as LOA-LSTM provides high throughput and energy saving when compared to existing cluster boundary structure methods such as Voronoi, Spectrum and Chain

Comparative study of intra and post-operative complications between total abdominal hysterectomy and laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Background: Vaginal hysterectomy is preferable due to faster recovery, decreased morbidity and absence of an abdominal incision. The aim was to compare the risks and complications of laparoscopy assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy in terms of intra-operative and post-operative complications.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in the Gynaecology ward at Vinakaya Mission’s Kirupananda Variyar Medical College and Hospitals, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. The data for the past 1-year record was taken for analysis. A total of 80 subjects were included in the study and were divided into two groups with 40 patients under TAH (total abdominal hysterectomy) group and 40 under LAVH (Laproscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy) group. The primary outcome of the present analysis was incidence of perioperative complications like blood loss and the secondary outcomes were operating time, blood loss, urinary tract injury, rate of conversion to laparotomy, postoperative pain, and length of postoperative stay.Results: The mean intra-operative blood loss was measured among both the groups and it was found to be very high among TAH group (201 ml) compared to LAVH group (149.8 ml) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). Similarly, the duration of operative procedure was found to be less in LAVH group (57.9 mins) compared to TAH group (72.6 mins) and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05). Post-operative wound infection (14 vs 0) was found to be more among the patients in TAH group than that of the LAVH group and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p <0.05).Conclusions: LAVH is a safe and effective surgical treatment for benign gynaecological diseases and should be offered whenever possible, taking into account the low rate of complications and cost-effectiveness

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF FOUR DIFFERENT FLOWERS – COUROUPITA GUIANENSIS, BAUHINIA PURPUREA, STENOLOBIUM STANS, AND PLUMERIA RUBRA

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the phytochemical from the aqueous and methanol flower extracts of four significant medicinal plants, namely, Couroupita guianensis, Bauhinia purpurea, Stenolobium stans, and Plumeria rubra. Methods: The different flowers such as C. guianensis, B. purpurea, P. rubra, and S. stans were collected from Avadi and Koyambedu market, Chennai. Standard procedure was followed for the qualitative analysis of phytocompounds. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis resulted that the methanolic flower extract of four plants has rich bioactive compounds comparably to the aqueous flower extracts. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids were highly present in B. purpurea compared the other three flowers. Only plant P. rubra contains the rich source of cardiac glycosides in methanolic flower extract. Conclusion: From the results of the current study, we conclude that the methanolic extract of B. purpurea flower has bulk phytocompounds and can be used as a traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases

Awareness regarding the strategies to bring down the pandemic among general population: a questionnaire based study

Background: The behavior of the general public will likely have an important effect on how the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic spreads, especially when the first wave is diminishing. The aim of the study is to determine the awareness regarding the strategies to bring down the pandemic among the general population of Tamil Nadu in South India.Methods: A cross-sectional online survey conducted in October 2020. A sample of consenting 500 adult, healthy caregivers of patients attending a tertiary medical institute who were representative of the general population formed the study group. They filled a pre-formed questionnaire. All data entry and analysis were performed using SPSS (version 24). Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were performed between the various sociodemographic factors of age, gender, occupation, and education, and COVID-19 exposure in the family. P≤0.05 was taken to be significant.Results: It was observed that age had a significant influence on the wearing of masks and the use of hand sanitizer. Gender, age and education are the important determinants for use of hand sanitizer, wearing a mask, practicing social distancing, avoid traveling to the infected areas as well as washing hands often and always using a facemask to prevent COVID-19 were statistically significant.Conclusions: The dynamics of the impact of the awareness campaign and public participation are understood by the results. There is a need for a training program with respect to locale-specific scenario targeted to a specific cluster of population emplaning upon their respective lifestyle, to improve the knowledge and compliance about risk and preventions.