1,210 research outputs found
The Rafita asteroid family
The Rafita asteroid family is an S-type group located in the middle main
belt, on the right side of the 3J:-1A mean-motion resonance. The proximity of
this resonance to the family left side in semi-major axis caused many former
family members to be lost. As a consequence, the family shape in the
domain is quite asymmetrical, with a preponderance of objects on the right side
of the distribution. The Rafita family is also characterized by a leptokurtic
distribution in inclination, which allows the use of methods of family age
estimation recently introduced for other leptokurtic families such as Astrid,
Hansa, Gallia, and Barcelona. In this work we propose a new method based on the
behavior of an asymmetry coefficient function of the distribution in the
plane to date incomplete asteroid families such as Rafita. By
monitoring the time behavior of this coefficient for asteroids simulating the
initial conditions at the time of the family formation, we were able to
estimate that the Rafita family should have an age of Myr, in good
agreement with results from independent methods such as Monte Carlo simulations
of Yarkovsky and Yorp dynamical induced evolution and the time behaviour of the
kurtosis of the distribution. Asteroids from the Rafita family can
reach orbits similar to 8\% of the currently known near Earth objects.
1\% of the simulated objects are present in NEO-space during the final
10 Myr of the simulation, and thus would be comparable to objects in the
present-day NEO population.Comment: Accepted 2017 January 19. Received 2017 January 17; in original form
2016 September
The Milky Way halo as a QSO absorption-line system. New results from an HST/STIS absorption-line catalogue of Galactic high-velocity clouds
We use archival UV absorption-line data from HST/STIS to statistically
analyse the absorption characteristics of the high-velocity clouds (HVCs) in
the Galactic halo towards more than 40 extragalactic background sources. We
determine absorption covering fractions of low- and intermediate ions (OI, CII,
SiIII, MgII, FeII, SiIII, CIV, and SiIV) in the range fc = 0.20 - 0.70. For
detailed analysis we concentrate on SiII absorption components in HVCs, for
which we investigate the distribution of column densities, b-values, and radial
velocities. Combining information for SiII and MgII, and using a geometrical
HVC model we investigate the contribution of HVCs to the absorption cross
section of strong MgII absorbers in the local Universe. We estimate that the
Galactic HVCs would contribute on average ~52 % to the total strong MgII cross
section of the Milky Way, if our Galaxy were to be observed from an exterior
vantage point. We further estimate that the mean projected covering fraction of
strong MgII absorption in the Milky Way halo and disc from an exterior vantage
point is fc(sMgII) = 0.31 for a halo radius of R = 61 kpc. These numbers,
together with the observed number density of strong MgII absorbers at low
redshift, indicate that the contribution of infalling gas clouds (i.e., HVC
analogues) in the halos of Milky Way-type galaxies to the cross section of
strong MgII absorbers is <34 %. These findings are in line with the idea that
outflowing gas (e.g., produced by galactic winds) in the halos of more actively
star-forming galaxies dominate the absorption-cross section of strong MgII
absorbers in the local Universe
A Survey of Analogs to Weak MgII Absorbers in the Present
We present the results of a survey of the analogs of weak MgII absorbers
(rest frame equivalent width W(2796) < 0.3 A) at 0 < z < 0.3. Our sample
consisted of 25 HST/STIS echelle quasar spectra (R = 45,000) which covered SiII
1260 and CII 1335 over this redshift range. Using those similar transitions as
tracers of MgII facilitates a much larger survey, covering a redshift
pathlength of g(z) = 5.3 for an equivalent width limit of MgII corresponding to
W(2796) > 0.02 A, with 30% completeness for the weakest lines. We find the
number of weak MgII absorber analogs with 0.02 < W(2796) < 0.3 to be dN/dz =
1.00 +/- 0.20 for 0 < z < 0.3. This value is consistent with cosmological
evolution of the population. We consider the expected effect on observability
of weak MgII absorbers of the decreasing intensity of the extragalactic
background radiation eld from z~1 to z~0. Assuming that all the objects that
produce absorption at z~1 are stable on a cosmological timescale, and that no
new objects are created, we would expect dN/dz of 2-3 at z~0. About 30-50% of
this z~0 population would be decendants of the parsec-scale structures that
produce single-cloud, weak MgII absorbers at z~1. The other 50-70% would be
lower density, kiloparsec-scale structures that produce CIV absorption, but not
detectable low ionization absorption, at z~1. We conclude that at least one,
and perhaps some fraction of both, of these populations has evolved away since
z~1, in order to match the z~0 dN/dz measured in our survey. This would follow
naturally for a population of transient structures whose generation is related
to star-forming processes, whose rate has decreased since z~1.Comment: 45 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables ApJ accepte
Thermal Relics in Modified Cosmologies: Bounds on Evolution Histories of the Early Universe and Cosmological Boosts for PAMELA
Alternative cosmologies, based on extensions of General Relativity, predict
modified thermal histories in the Early Universe during the pre Big Bang
Nucleosynthesis (BBN) era, epoch which is not directly constrained by
cosmological observations. When the expansion rate is enhanced with respect to
the standard case, thermal relics typically decouple with larger relic
abundances. The correct value of the relic abundance is therefore obtained for
larger annihilation cross--sections, as compared to standard cosmology. A
direct consequence is that indirect detection rates are enhanced. Extending
previous analyses of ours, we derive updated astrophysical bounds on the dark
matter annihilation cross sections and use them to constrain alternative
cosmologies in the pre--BBN era. We also determine the characteristics of these
alternative cosmologies in order to provide the correct value of relic
abundance for a thermal relic for the (large) annihilation cross--section
required to explain the PAMELA results on the positron fraction, therefore
providing a "cosmological boost" solution to the dark matter interpretation of
the PAMELA data.Comment: 19 pages, 27 figures, matches published versio
Probing New Physics through mu-e Universality in K->lnu
The recent NA48/2 improvement on R_K=Gamma(K->e nu_e)/Gamma(K->mu nu_mu)
emphasizes the role of K_l2 decays in probing the mu-e universality.
Supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Model can exhibit mu-e
non-universal contributions. Their origin is twofold: those deriving from
lepton flavor conserving couplings are subdominant with respect to those
arising from lepton flavor violating (LFV) sources. We show that mu-e
non-universality in K_l2 is quite effective in constraining relevant regions of
SUSY models with LFV (for instance, supergravities with a see-saw mechanism for
neutrino masses). A comparison with analogous bounds coming from tau LFV decays
proves the relevance of the measurement of R_K to probe LFV in SUSY.Comment: v2: 5 pages, 1 figure. Comments and 2 references adde
Characterization of Active Main Belt Object P/2012 F5 (Gibbs): A Possible Impacted Asteroid
In this work we characterize the recently discovered active main belt object
P/2012 F5 (Gibbs), which was discovered with a dust trail > 7' in length in the
outer main belt, 7 months prior to aphelion. We use optical imaging obtained on
UT 2012 March 27 to analyze the central condensation and the long trail. We
find nuclear B-band and R-band apparent magnitudes of 20.96 and 19.93 mag,
respectively, which give an upper limit on the radius of the nucleus of 2.1 km.
The geometric cross-section of material in the trail was ~ 4 x 10^8 m^2,
corresponding to a dust mass of ~ 5 x 10^7 kg. Analysis of infrared images
taken by the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer in September 2010 reveals that
the object was below the detection limit, suggesting that it was less active
than it was during 2012, or possibly inactive, just 6 months after it passed
through perihelion. We set a 1-sigma upper limit on its radius during this time
of 2.9 km. P/2012 F5 (Gibbs) is dynamically stable in the outer main belt on
timescales of ~ 1 Gyr, pointing towards an asteroidal origin. We find that the
morphology of the ejected dust is consistent with it being produced by a single
event that occurred on UT 2011 July 7 20 days, possibly as the result of
a collision with a small impactor.Comment: 29 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap
Revising the age for the Baptistina asteroid family using WISE/NEOWISE data
We have used numerical routines to model the evolution of a simulated
Baptistina family to constrain its age in light of new measurements of the
diameters and albedos of family members from the Wide-field Infrared Survey
Explorer. We also investigate the effect of varying the assumed physical and
orbital parameters on the best-fitting age. We find that the physically allowed
range of assumed values for the density and thermal conductivity induces a
large uncertainty in the rate of evolution. When realistic uncertainties in the
family members' physical parameters are taken into account we find the
best-fitting age can fall anywhere in the range of 140-320 Myr. Without more
information on the physical properties of the family members it is difficult to
place a more firm constraint on Baptistina's age.Comment: 27 pages, 16 figures, accepted to Ap
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