FREE AND ZEOLITE-IMMOBILIZED PROBIOTIC MIXTURE VERSUS SODIUM VALPROATE IN PREVENTION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MODULATION OF THE L-ARGININE INTRACELLULAR METABOLIC PATHWAYS IN THE RAT BRAIN AND BLOOD FOLLOWING DEXAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED BIPOLAR D

Experimental bipolar disorder (BD) was induced by repeated daily injection of the increasing doses of d-amphetamine sulfate (AMPH) (2-4 mg kg-1, 18 injections) in male young adult Wistar rats characterized by temporal arousal mimicked mania, and reduced exploratory and locomotor activities associated with behavioural depression under the condition of withdrawal of AMPH. At the end of the injection course, a stimulation of the lipid peroxidation processes and alterations in the mitochondrial and cytoplasmic activities of both arginase and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were observed in the regions of brain corticolimbic system (prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus and hypothalamus) and blood leukocytes. We have shown for the first time that a reversal treatment with the mixture of the specific probiotics with psycho- and antifungal activities in free (PMF) and zeolite-immobilized (PMZ) forms, and/or with a mood stabilizer, sodium valproate (VPA) inhibited oxidative stress and modulated differentially the L-arginine metabolic pathways in the brain and blood following AMPH-induced BD. Both PMF and PMZ efficiently normalized the activities of arginase isoforms and upregulated the suppressed intracellular NOS along with the gut microbiota restoration and prevention of the histopathological changes in the brain regions accompanied by normalization of rat behaviour

Эпидемиологические аспекты энтеровирусной инфекции в Российской Федерации за период 2018–2019 гг.

Aim: Analysis of enterovirus infection morbidity and characteristics of the etiological agents of this infection on some territories of Russia in 2017.Materials and methods: We investigated 7858 samples of the biological material from the patients suffering from enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by virological and molecular methods.Results: The epidemic process and the clinical picture of enterovirus infection on different territories had some peculiarities. On some territories enterovirus meningitis was the predominant form of infection, on other territories enterovirus infection with exanthema prevailed. In Saint-Petersburg, Archangel and Saratov regions the percentage of enterovirus infection cases with the clinical picture of enterovirus meningitis was significantly higher than the percentage of enterovirus infection with exanthema. In the Komi Republic, Leningrad and Murmansk regions the percentage of infection with exanthema was statistically higher than the enterovirus meningitis portion. Enteroviruses of 30 serotypes were detected in the samples of patients suffering from enterovirus infection. We determined the etiology of sporadic and epidemic cases of enterovirus infection represented by different clinical forms. On some territories the epidemic foci of enterovirus infection among children were revealed. The etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis foci in Saint-Petersburg, Murmansk and Saratov regions were Coxsackievirus B5, Coxsackievirus B4 and Echovirus 30. The foci of enterovirus infection with exanthema in Archangel, Leningrad, Murmansk and Novgorod regions were caused by Coxsackieviruses A10, A16 and A6.Conclusion: The clinical forms of enterovirus infection on some territories were provoked by enteroviruses which dominated in the circulation on one or other territory. Enteroviruses of species B, mainly Echovirus 30, Echovirus 6 and Coxsackieviruses B1–6 were the etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis. The etiological factors of enterovirus infection with exanthema were Enteroviruses of species A, mainly Coxsackieviruses of different serotypes as well as Enterovirus 71.Цель: анализ заболеваемости энтеровирусной инфекцией и характеристика ее этиологических агентов на ряде территорий Российской Федерации в 2018–2019 гг.Материалы и методы: исследовано 7858 проб биологического материала от больных энтеровирусной инфекцией. Выделение и идентификацию энтеровирусов проводили вирусологическим и молекулярно-генетическим методами.Результаты: течение эпидемического процесса и клинические проявления энтеровирусной инфекции на разных территориях имели отличия. На одних территориях преобладали заболевания с клиникой энтеровирусного менингита, на других территориях превалировали экзантемные формы заболевания. В Санкт-Петербурге, Архангельской и Саратовской областях удельный вес случаев энтеровирусной инфекции с клинической картиной энтеровирусного менингита достоверно превышал аналогичный показатель для экзантемных форм энтеровирусной инфекции. В Республике Коми, Ленинградской и Мурманской областях доля случаев энтеровирусной инфекции с экзантемными проявлениями была достоверно выше, чем доля заболеваний энтеровирусным менингитом. Энтеровирусы 30 серотипов были детектированы в пробах от больных энтеровирусной инфекцией. Была установлена этиология спорадических и групповых заболеваний энтеровирусной инфекцией с разными клиническими формами. На некоторых территориях были выявлены очаги групповых заболеваний среди детей. Этиологическими агентами групповых заболеваний энтеровирусным менингитом в Санкт-Петербурге, Мурманской и Саратовской областях были энтеровирусы Коксаки В5, Коксаки В4 и вирус ECHO30. Групповые заболевания с клиникой вирусной экзантемы в Архангельской, Ленинградской, Мурманской и Новгородской областях были обусловлены энтеровирусами Коксаки А10, А16 и А6.Заключение: клинические формы энтеровирусной инфекции на отдельных территориях были обусловлены энтеровирусами, которые доминировали в циркуляции на той или иной территории. Этиологическими агентами энтеровирусного менингита были энтеровирусы вида В, чаще всего ECHO30, ECHO6 и Коксаки В1–6. Этиологическими агентами экзантемных форм энтеровирусной инфекции являлись энтеровирусы вида А (в основном, вирусы Коксаки А разных серотипов и энтеровирус 71 типа)

Radiation Damping of Surface Plasmons in a Pair of Nanoparticles and in Nanoparticles near Interfaces

A theory of surface plasmon radiation damping in a system of coupled spherical metallic nanoparticles is developed, and a simple formula for the radiation line width is obtained for the first time. It is shown that as a result of surface plasmon frequency redshift, a notable reduction of the radiation damping rate takes place. For small separations, the radiation line width narrows by a factor of 3 as compared to large separations. The theory is expanded to the case of a spherical metallic nanoparticle placed near an interface of two dielectric media. The dependence of the redshift of surface plasmon frequency and the radiation damping rate on the particle–interface separation are calculated. It is revealed that in both cases, a decrease of refractive index of the surrounding media also leads to a decrease of the damping rate