Residual Action of Slow Release Systemic Insecticides on \u3ci\u3eRhopalosiphum Padi\u3c/i\u3e (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Wheat

Slow release formulations of acephate and carbofuran encapsulated in pearl corn­ starch or corn flour granules were applied to the soil at seeding time of potted \u27Caldwell\u27 wheat in the laboratory. Dosages of these insecticides were adjusted to a standard of IO kg/ha of a 10 10 granular formulation of carbofuran. The residual action of these insecticide treatments against Rhopalosiphum padi were compared with those obtained with that of carbofuran 150 at corresponding dosages and foliar sprays of solutions of acephate (25 10 EC) at 0.2 10 and carbofuran (4F) at 1.25 10, applied 12 d after seedling emergence. The residual action of carbofuran 150, which controlled R. padi since seedling emergence, lasted 28.5 d. The slow release granular formulations of carbofuran began to provide control (\u3e 50 10 aphid mortality) on days 13.3 and 17.9 after seeding. They controlled the insect until days 31.6 and 35.5 after seeding. The two corresponding granular formulations of acephate began to provide control on days 15.0 and 17.0 after seeding and con­ trolled the aphids until days 31.5 and 32.8 after seeding. The foliar sprays of acephate and carbofuran provided control for 18.3 and 36.2 d from application, respectively. The slow release granular formulations provided control of R. padi, an important vector of barley yellow dwarf virus, during early. stages of wheat development

Investigation of dynamic stresses in detona- tion technical note no. 7

Axial and hoop stress calculation in blast loaded thin walled cylindrical pressure vessel

The Distinctively Basque Stone Shelters of California’s White Mountains

Basque and French shepherds in California’s White Mountains built dry stone shelters that persist today. Despite French names carved on logs associated with a few of these structures, the typical pattern for these shelters is Basque: they closely resemble the cabañas pastoriles (shepherd’s huts) of Bizkaia. A square floor plan with walls about one meter high enclose a single chamber. The stone work is carefully laid to make one wall face. A narrow doorway, often in a corner, faces downhill in any direction except west and can be flanked by low stone “spurs”. A fireplace is usually built into the south wall. Boulders too large to move are usually in the western wall or northwest corner. Metal, glass, wood, bone or leather artifacts are present. Typically Basque arborglyphs (carvings in aspen trees) are found nearby at lower elevations. It is unclear whether the White Mountains shelters originally had roofs

Dynamic Boundaries in Asymmetric Exclusion Processes

We investigate the dynamics of a one-dimensional asymmetric exclusion process with Langmuir kinetics and a fluctuating wall. At the left boundary, particles are injected onto the lattice; from there, the particles hop to the right. Along the lattice, particles can adsorb or desorb, and the right boundary is defined by a wall particle. The confining wall particle has intrinsic forward and backward hopping, a net leftward drift, and cannot desorb. Performing Monte Carlo simulations and using a moving-frame finite segment approach coupled to mean field theory, we find the parameter regimes in which the wall acquires a steady state position. In other regimes, the wall will either drift to the left and fall off the lattice at the injection site, or drift indefinitely to the right. Our results are discussed in the context of non-equilibrium phases of the system, fluctuating boundary layers, and particle densities in the lab frame versus the frame of the fluctuating wall.Comment: 13 page

Line Intensities and Molecular Opacities of the FeH F4Δi−X4ΔiF^4\Delta_i-X^4\Delta_i Transition

We calculate new line lists and opacities for the $F^4\Delta_i-X^4\Delta_i$ transition of FeH. The 0-0 band of this transition is responsible for the Wing-Ford band seen in M-type stars, sunspots and brown dwarfs. The new Einstein A values for each line are based on a high level ab initio calculation of the electronic transition dipole moment. The necessary rotational line strength factors (H\"onl-London factors) are derived for both the Hund's case (a) and (b) coupling limits. A new set of spectroscopic constants were derived from the existing FeH term values for v=0, 1 and 2 levels of the $X$ and $F$ states. Using these constants extrapolated term values were generated for v=3 and 4 and for $J$ values up to 50.5. The line lists (including Einstein A values) for the 25 vibrational bands with v$\leq$4 were generated using a merged list of experimental and extrapolated term values. The FeH line lists were use to compute the molecular opacities for a range of temperatures and pressures encountered in L and M dwarf atmospheres. Good agreement was found between the computed and observed spectral energy distribution of the L5 dwarf 2MASS-1507.Comment: 52 pages, 3 figures, many tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement

Alternative Lipid Sources in Aquafeeds

The global aquaculture industry is one of the fastest growing food production sectors with farmed seafood currently accounting for about 50% of all fish consumed in the world. It is estimated that aquaculture produces about 65 million tonnes of seafood valued at more than US$78 billion annually. Aquaculture is anticipated to play an increasingly important role in meeting the seafood demand of a growing human population. The rapid increase in aquaculture production worldwide has been fueled by the use of industrially manufactured aquafeeds. Conventionally, marine fish meal and fish oil are used as the major feed ingredients in the formulation of commercial aquafeeds to supply dietary protein and lipid, respectively. It is estimated that aquafeeds currently consume about 90% of the global supply of fish oil and many have predicted that the demand for fish oil from the aquaculture industry will imminently out strip supply. Marine fish oil production has not increased beyond 1.5 million tonnes for the past quarter of a century and in order to further expand, the global aquaculture industry cannot continue to rely solely on this source of lipid. The high demand, impending short supply and often times high prices makes dietary fish oil a bottle-neck in the farming of aquatic animals, and there is currently great urgency within the global aquafeed industry in finding suitable alternatives to replace marine fish oils. This article will give an overview of the various alternative lipid sources, grouped according to their main chemical characteristics. Their unique potential advantages and challenges for use in aquafeeds will be highlighted. The physiological effects of various lipid sources and their components on growth, lipid metabolism, health and post-harvest qualities of the farmed fish are briefly discussed