Evaluation of SLAR and thematic mapper MSS data for forest cover mapping using computer-aided analysis techniques

Separate holograms of horizontally (HH) and vertically (HV) polarized responses obtained by the APQ-102 side-looking radar were processed through an optical correlator and the resulting image was recorded on positive film from which black and white negative and positive prints were made. Visual comparison of the HH and HV images reveals a distinct dark band in the imagery which covers about 30% of the radar strip. Preliminary evaluaton of the flight line 1 date indicates that various features on the HH and HV images seem to have different response levels. The amount of sidelap due to the look angle between flight lines 1 and 2 is negligible. NASA mission #425 to obtain flightlines of NS-001 MSS data and supporting aerial photography was successfully flown. Flight line 3 data are of very good quality and virtually cloud-free. Results of data analysis for selection of test fields and for evaluation of waveband combination and spatial resolution are presented

Evaluation of SLAR and thematic mapper MSS data for forest cover mapping using computer-aided analysis techniques

A set of training statistics for the 30 meter resolution simulated thematic mapper MSS data was generated based on land use/land cover classes. In addition to this supervised data set, a nonsupervised multicluster block of training statistics is being defined in order to compare the classification results and evaluate the effect of the different training selection methods on classification performance. Two test data sets, defined using a stratified sampling procedure incorporating a grid system with dimensions of 50 lines by 50 columns, and another set based on an analyst supervised set of test fields were used to evaluate the classifications of the TMS data. The supervised training data set generated training statistics, and a per point Gaussian maximum likelihood classification of the 1979 TMS data was obtained. The August 1980 MSS data was radiometrically adjusted. The SAR data was redigitized and the SAR imagery was qualitatively analyzed

Deductive and Analogical Reasoning on a Semantically Embedded Knowledge Graph

Representing knowledge as high-dimensional vectors in a continuous semantic vector space can help overcome the brittleness and incompleteness of traditional knowledge bases. We present a method for performing deductive reasoning directly in such a vector space, combining analogy, association, and deduction in a straightforward way at each step in a chain of reasoning, drawing on knowledge from diverse sources and ontologies.Comment: AGI 201

Evaluation of SLAR and simulated thematic mapper MSS data for forest cover mapping using computer-aided analysis techniques

Kershaw County, South Carolina was selected as the study site for analyzing simulated thematic mapper MSS data and dual-polarized X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. The impact of the improved spatial and spectral characteristics of the LANDSAT D thematic mapper data on computer aided analysis for forest cover type mapping was examined as well as the value of synthetic aperture radar data for differentiating forest and other cover types. The utility of pattern recognition techniques for analyzing SAR data was assessed. Topics covered include: (1) collection and of TMS and reference data; (2) reformatting, geometric and radiometric rectification, and spatial resolution degradation of TMS data; (3) development of training statistics and test data sets; (4) evaluation of different numbers and combinations of wavelength bands on classification performance; (5) comparison among three classification algorithms; and (6) the effectiveness of the principal component transformation in data analysis. The collection, digitization, reformatting, and geometric adjustment of SAR data are also discussed. Image interpretation results and classification results are presented

Report of Throat Cultures in Measles

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The role of working memory and contextual constraints in children's processing of relative clauses

An auditory sentence comprehension task investigated the extent to which the integration of contextual and structural cues was mediated by verbal memory span with 32 English-speaking 6- to 8-year old children. Spoken relative clause sentences were accompanied by visual context pictures which fully (depicting the actions described within the relative clause) or partially (depicting several referents) met the pragmatic assumptions of relativisation. Comprehension of the main and relative clauses of centre-embedded and right-branching structures was compared for each context. Pragmatically-appropriate contexts exerted a positive effect on relative clause comprehension, but children with higher memory spans demonstrated a further benefit for main clauses. Comprehension for centre-embedded main clauses was found to be very poor, independently of either context or memory span. The results suggest that children have access to adult-like linguistic processing mechanisms, and that sensitivity to extra-linguistic cues is evident in young children and develops as cognitive capacity increases

Police and Older Persons: Criteria Developed to Assess Training Materials, Methods

This article as revised was published as Johnson, Knowlton W.; Beirnard, Charles A.; & Stiles, Stephen R. (1981). "Police and Older Persons: Criteria Developed to Assess Training Materials, Methods." Training Aids Digest 6(11), November 1981.In what ways do law enforcement personnel and agencies use knowledge about the elderly? This article presents the findings of a recent study conducted by the International Training Research and Evaluation Council on how law enforcement trainees make use of the knowledge they gained through training materials developed by the National Retired Teachers Association/American Association of Retired Persons.[Introduction] / Different Types of Knowledge Use / The Study / Knowledge Into Practice: Some Implication

Leveraging Use‐by‐Publication‐Age Data in Serials Collection Decisions

Traditionally, usage figures for electronic serials have lumped all years of publication together. New tools give librarians information about usage according to the year of publication. They allow us to analyze the usage of current material separately from usage of content published in prior years. The relative value of current subscriptions and backfiles has important collection development implications. For example, many libraries subscribe directly to titles that are offered in aggregated databases, but with embargoes. The relative value of current content distinguished from prior years may be useful in reevaluating such subscription decisions. This paper discusses tools and techniques for analyzing usage by year of publication according to several measures—including COUNTER’s JR5 report, Google Analytics, ILL reports, and token reports, and discusses how librarians can use these tools to aid in decision‐making about serials collection development decisions

Cytokine and Chemokine Responses in Human Herpesvirus 8 Infection of Monocyte Derived Dendritic Cells and B Lymphocytes

Human herpesvirus-8 induces a wide range of inflammatory immune mediators known to contribute to its associated cancer, Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS). Soluble immune mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors produced during HHV-8 infection have been associated with tumor-cell proliferation, angiogenesis and vascular permeability. We sought to determine immune mediator production by two antigen presenting cells (APC) that are susceptible to HHV-8 infection, i.e., monocyte derived Dendritic cells (MDDC) and B lymphocytes. Dendritic cells abundantly express the HHV-8 receptor, type II C-type lectin, DC-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) resulting in viral entry, whereas only a small percentage of activated B cells express DC-SIGN in vitro. Despite this, HHV-8 infection of MDDC results in an abortive replicative cycle, whereas full-lytic cycle replication occurs in the B cells. I hypothesized that immune mediators produced by HHV-8 infected APC are unique between cell types and that HHV-8 infects a subset of B cells and initiates cytokine and chemokine production that contributes to HHV-8 replication, viral dissemination and initiation of KS and HHV-8 lymphomas. I used a cytometric bead array to determine cytokine and chemokine production in B cells and MDDC, as well as qRT-PCR, TCID50 assay and flow cytometry to determine HHV-8 replication in B cells. I identified significant differences in the quality and quantity of cytokine and chemokine profiles of HHV-8 infected APC. MDDC produced significant levels of MCP-1, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, IP-10 and IL-10, while B cells produced significant levels of MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-8. HHV-8 lytic replication in B cells resulted in polyfunctional immune mediator activity that may contribute to viral replication and proliferation of target cell populations in HHV-8 related cancers. The importance of this work was demonstrated by the detection of B cell-produced cytokines and chemokines in HHV-8/HIV co-infected individuals who developed KS. This is the first extensive, multiparameter, longitudinal study of HHV-8 infection of B cells and immune mediators in development of KS. This study provides novel targets for vaccine development and treatment options for KS, which could have great implications on Public Health