Description of a New Species of Slave-making Ant in the \u3ci\u3eFormica Sanguinea\u3c/i\u3e Group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The new species, Formica gynocrates, is described and illustrated from all the castes. This slave-making species is a member of the sanguinea group and is most similar to F. pergandei. The type locality is the E. S. George Reserve, Livingston County, Michigan. Specimens were also examined from North Dakota, Wyoming, and Colorado. A key is provided for the separation of the described North American members of the sanguinea group. The most commonly associated slave species is F. vinculans Wheeler, a member of the neogagates group. It is our opinion that F. vinculans is a valid species and not a synonym of F. neogagates, as has been previously supposed

Slow X-ray bursts and chromospheric flares with filament disruption

The data from OGO-5 and OSO-7 X-ray experiments have been analyzed to study six chromospheric flares with filament disruption associated with slow thermal X-ray bursts. Filament activation accompanied by a slight X-ray enhancement precedes the first evidence of H alpha flare by a few minutes. Rapid increase of the soft X-ray flux is accompanied by a sudden brightening of the filament when viewed on-band H alpha. Thereafter the bright chromospheric strands reach their maximum brightness with maximum X-ray flux. Any plateau or slow decay phase in the X-ray flux is accompanied by a quieting in filament activity and even by filament re-appearance. The height of the disrupted prominence is proportional to the soft X-ray flux for the August 3, 1970 limb occulted event

The pion-pion scattering amplitude

We obtain reliable $\pi\pi$ scattering amplitudes consistent with experimental data, both at low and high energies, and fulfilling appropriate analyticity properties. We do this by first fitting experimental low energy ($s^{1/2}\leq1.42 {\rm GeV}$) phase shifts and inelasticities with expressions that incorporate analyticity and unitarity. In particular, for the S wave with isospin~0, we discuss in detail several sets of experimental data. This provides low energy partial wave amplitudes that summarize the known experimental information. Then, we impose Regge behaviour as follows from factorization and experimental data for the imaginary parts of the scattering amplitudes at higher energy, and check fulfillment of dispersion relations up to 0.925 GeV. This allows us to improve our fits. The ensuing $\pi\pi$ scattering amplitudes are then shown to verify dispersion relations up to 1.42 GeV, as well as $s - t - u$ crossing sum rules and other consistency conditions. The improved parametrizations therefore provide a reliable representation of pion-pion amplitudes with which one can test chiral perturbation theory calculations, pionium decays, or use as input for CP-violating $K$ decays. In this respect, we find $[a_0^{(0)}-a_0^{(2)}]^2=(0.077\pm0.008) M^{-1}_\pi$ and $\delta_0^{(0)}(m^2_K)-\delta_0^{(2)}(m^2_K)=52.9\pm1.6^{\rm o}$.Comment: Version to be published in Phys. Rev. D. Plain TeX file. (minor changes). 16 figures (some multiple

Current practice and challenges towards handling uncertainty for effective outcomes in maintenance

The combination of viable heuristic attributes with statistical measurements presents significant challenges in industrial maintenance for complex assets under through-life service contracts. Techniques to obtain and process heuristic attributes raise numerous uncertainties which often go undefined and unmitigated. A holistic view of these uncertainties may improve decision-making capabilities and reduce maintenance costs and turnaround time. It is therefore necessary to identify and rank factors that influence uncertainties originating from challenges in the above context. This, along with an identification of who contributes to such challenges and current practice to handle them, sets the focus for this study. The influence of 32 categorised factors on uncertainty is assessed through a questionnaire completed by nine experienced maintenance managers from a leading defence company. The pedigree approach is applied to score validity of respondents’ answers according to their experience and job role to normalise scores. Results are discussed in interviews with respondents along with current practice in and ways to improve uncertainty assessment. Scores are weighted through the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in order to identify the most influential factors on uncertainty in maintenance. The analysis revealed that these include: intellectual property rights (IPR), maintainer performance, quality of information, resistance to change, stakeholder communication and technology integration. These are verified with 40 practitioners from various industrial backgrounds. From the interviews, it is deemed that a holistic view of heuristic and statistical attributes ultimately allows for more accomplished decision-making but requires trade-offs between quality and cost over the asset’s life cycle

A continuous low star formation rate in IZw 18 ?

Deep long-slit spectroscopic observations of the blue compact galaxy IZw 18 obtained with the CFH 3.6 m Telescope are presented. The very low value of oxygen abundance previously reported is confirmed and a very homogeneous abundance distribution is found (no variation larger than 0.05 dex) over the whole ionized region. We concur with Tenorio-Tagle (1996) and Devost et al. (1997) that the observed abundance level cannot result from the material ejected by the stars formed in the current burst, and propose that the observed metals were formed in a previous star formation episode. Metals ejected in the current burst of star formation remain most probably hidden in a hot phase and are undetectable using optical spectroscopy. We discuss different scenarios of star formation in IZw 18. Combining various observational facts, for instance the faint star formation rate observed in low surface brightness galaxies van Zee et al. (1997), it is proposed that a low and continuous rate of star formation occurring during quiescent phases between bursts could be a significant source of metal enrichment of the interstellar medium.Comment: 10 pages, 4 Postscript figures, to be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics main journa

Consistency of dust solutions with div H=0

One of the necessary covariant conditions for gravitational radiation is the vanishing of the divergence of the magnetic Weyl tensor H_{ab}, while H_{ab} itself is nonzero. We complete a recent analysis by showing that in irrotational dust spacetimes, the condition div H=0 evolves consistently in the exact nonlinear theory.Comment: 3 pages Revte