Peran Komunikasi Penyuluhan dalam Penerapan Teknologi USAhatani di Kecamatan Langowan Barat

This study aims to determine the role of communication extension counselor and how far farmers can understand the purpose and purpose of counseling. This research was conducted by using primary data obtained from direct interview with Field Extension Officer and Farmer Group using the prepared kusioner. Secondary data obtained from BPS Manado City and BP3K Office. The result of the research shows that the communication done by PPL has used good communication technique so that the farmer group following the counseling can receive and understand the intent and purpose of the material which have been submitted by each PPL

On Quasiperiodic Morphisms

Weakly and strongly quasiperiodic morphisms are tools introduced to study quasiperiodic words. Formally they map respectively at least one or any non-quasiperiodic word to a quasiperiodic word. Considering them both on finite and infinite words, we get four families of morphisms between which we study relations. We provide algorithms to decide whether a morphism is strongly quasiperiodic on finite words or on infinite words.Comment: 12 page

ANALISIS FAKTOR PRODUKSI YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI KOPRA DI KECAMATAN TOMOHON BARAT

This study aims to: (1) identify production factors that influence copra production and (2) analyze the elasticity of copra production factors from copra-producing farmers in West Tomohon District. This research was conducted from January to April 2017. The data used were primary data obtained by survey methods through direct observation and interviews with copra farmers. Data were analyzed using Cobb-Douglas production function. The results showed that (1) factors of production of planting area, plant population, outpouring of labor, amount of equipment, and experience used by copra-producing farmers in Tomohon Barat Sub-district jointly affected copra production but separately influential production factors real and positive for copra production, namely planting area, plant population, and outpouring of labor. Based on the scale of results which show increasing return to scale indicates that farmers are still able to obtain profitable production from a number of added production factors. (2) Based on the level of elasticity of production factors that are positive and more than one. This indicates that the use of planted area production factors, plant populations, and labor has not been efficient because it has not reached maximum profit. Each addition of the production factor resulted in an increase in copra production which continued to increase, while the use of production factors the number of equipment and experience showed a negative value indicating that the use of production factors is inefficient because the production will produce less copra even though the use of production factors is more. *jnkd*

Produksi dan Pemasaran Produk Manisan Pala “Ilomata” di Kelurahan Girian Weru, Kota Bitung

The purpose of this research is to describe the process of making candied nutmeg by UD Ilomata and describing Ilomata\u27s candied nutmeg marketing. The research carried out start from preparation in the April until preparation of reports in the June 2016. Data used is primary data obtained through interviews by giving questioners to the owner of UD Ilomata, and from direct observation to the production activity and marketing of Ilomata\u27s candied nutmeg. Data analysis used is descriptive analysis. Data analysis in this research is analysing market margin by calculating cost and the price margins on every channel marketing that involved in the marketing of Ilomata\u27s candied nutmeg and also calculate the Break Even Point. The result of this research shows that Ilomata\u27s candied nutmeg packed in three different packages, 3 ounce package, 2.5 ounce package, and 3 ounce package. Ilomata\u27s candied nutmeg marketed on four stores in Bitung City, two stores in Manado City, a store in Gorontalo province and the marketing directly from producer to the consumer in UD Ilomata. Biggest marketing margin is Rp 5.000 with 16% share found in the Gorontalo province\u27s channel marketing from the 2.5 ounce package and with the biggest profit margin is Rp 3.764 found in the Bitung CityMart\u27s channel marketing from the 2 ounce package. All of Ilotama\u27s channel marketing can be said efficient because total cost is small seen from the rotation of sold time product. UD Ilotmata\u27s Candied nutmeg business can hold on and exist till today because theres diligence, curiosity and entrepreneurship from the owner namely Mrs. Renny Umar.*lwths

Free subgroups of one-relator relative presentations

Suppose that G is a nontrivial torsion-free group and w is a word over the alphabet G\cup\{x_1^{\pm1},...,x_n^{\pm1}\}. It is proved that for n\ge2 the group \~G= always contains a nonabelian free subgroup. For n=1 the question about the existence of nonabelian free subgroups in \~G is answered completely in the unimodular case (i.e., when the exponent sum of x_1 in w is one). Some generalisations of these results are discussed.Comment: V3: A small correction in the last phrase of the proof of Theorem 1. 4 page

Simulative Investigations of the Influence of Surface Indentations on Residual Stresses on Inner Raceways for Roller Element Bearings

Resource-efficient machine elements are in the focus of current research. One of the most widely used machine elements are roller bearings. Thus, the optimization of bearings and their tribological properties promises to result in significant resource savings. Special focus is set on the bearing fatigue life, which may be significantly reduced by indentations on the raceways. The reduction in fatigue life can be caused by processes such as rolling over particles or by brinelling. These processes induce local stress peaks and lead to elastic-plastic deformations of the raceways. During the subsequent operation, the pile up of material around the indentations is flattened and hence the residual stresses change. Inside these so called shoulders stress pealcs, residual stresses and hardening effects occur possibly resulting in crack initiation, crack growth under cyclic loading, and eventually spalling of material. For deeper and more sharp-edged indentations the bearing fatigue life is reduced more. To quantify the influence of an indentation on the bearing rating life a calculation model was developed based on the approach of IOANNIDES, BERGLING and GABELLI. For this, a 3D-FE model is used to calculate the three dimensional stress fields by superposition of residual and load stresses

Rescue of the MERTK phagocytic defect in a human iPSC disease model using translational read-through inducing drugs.

Inherited retinal dystrophies are an important cause of blindness, for which currently there are no effective treatments. In order to study this heterogeneous group of diseases, adequate disease models are required in order to better understand pathology and to test potential therapies. Induced pluripotent stem cells offer a new way to recapitulate patient specific diseases in vitro, providing an almost limitless amount of material to study. We used fibroblast-derived induced pluripotent stem cells to generate retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from an individual suffering from retinitis pigmentosa associated with biallelic variants in MERTK. MERTK has an essential role in phagocytosis, one of the major functions of the RPE. The MERTK deficiency in this individual results from a nonsense variant and so the MERTK-RPE cells were subsequently treated with two translational readthrough inducing drugs (G418 & PTC124) to investigate potential restoration of expression of the affected gene and production of a full-length protein. The data show that PTC124 was able to reinstate phagocytosis of labeled photoreceptor outer segments at a reduced, but significant level. These findings represent a confirmation of the usefulness of iPSC derived disease specific models in investigating the pathogenesis and screening potential treatments for these rare blinding disorders

Conformal dimension and random groups

We give a lower and an upper bound for the conformal dimension of the boundaries of certain small cancellation groups. We apply these bounds to the few relator and density models for random groups. This gives generic bounds of the following form, where $l$ is the relator length, going to infinity. (a) 1 + 1/C < \Cdim(\bdry G) < C l / \log(l), for the few relator model, and (b) 1 + l / (C\log(l)) < \Cdim(\bdry G) < C l, for the density model, at densities $d < 1/16$. In particular, for the density model at densities $d < 1/16$, as the relator length $l$ goes to infinity, the random groups will pass through infinitely many different quasi-isometry classes.Comment: 32 pages, 4 figures. v2: Final version. Main result improved to density < 1/16. Many minor improvements. To appear in GAF

Economical adjunction of square roots to groups

How large must an overgroup of a given group be in order to contain a square root of any element of the initial group? We give an almost exact answer to this question (the obtained estimate is at most twice worse than the best possible) and state several related open questions.Comment: 5 pages. A Russian version of this paper is at http://mech.math.msu.su/department/algebra/staff/klyachko/papers.htm V2: minor correction

Same space, different standards : a review of cumulative effects assessment practice for marine mammals

The lead author is a PhD student, whose stipend during the undertaking of this work was provided by a James Watt scholarship (Heriot-Watt University). Financial support enabling the open access publication of this research was provided by Natural England - the government’s adviser for the natural environment in England.Marine mammals are vulnerable to a variety of acute and chronic anthropogenic stressors, potentially experiencing these in isolation, successively and/or simultaneously. Formal assessment of the likely impact(s) of the cumulative effects of multiple stressors on a defined population is carried out through a Cumulative Effects Assessment (CEA), which is a mandatory component of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process in many countries. However, for marine mammals, the information required to feed into CEA, such as thresholds for disturbance, frequency of multiple (and simultaneous) exposures, interactions between stressors, and individual variation in response, is extremely limited, though our understanding is slowly improving. The gaps in knowledge make it challenging to effectively quantify and subsequently assess the risk of individual and population consequences of multiple disturbances in the form of a CEA. To assess the current state of practice for assessing cumulative effects on marine mammals within UK waters, 93 CEAs were reviewed across eleven maritime industries. An objective framework of thirteen evaluative criteria was used to score each assessment on a scale of 13-52 (weak - strong). Scores varied significantly by industry. On average, the aquaculture industry produced the lowest scoring CEAs, whilst the large offshore windfarm industry (≥ 20 turbines) scored highest, according to the scoring criteria used. There was a significant increase in scores over the sample period (2009-2019), though this was mostly attributed to five industries (cable, large and small offshore wind farms, tidal and wave energy). There was inconsistency in the language used to define and describe cumulative effects and a lack of routinely applied methodology. We use the findings presented here, along with a wider review of the literature, to provide recommendations and discussion points aimed at supporting the standardisation and improvement of CEA practice. Although this research focused on how marine mammals were considered within UK CEAs, recommendations made are broadly applicable to assessments conducted for other receptors, countries and/or environments. Adoption of these proposals would help to ensure a more consistent approach, and would aid decision-makers and practitioners in mitigating any potential impacts, to ensure conservation objectives of marine mammal populations are not compromised.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe