Trace formula for dielectric cavities III: TE modes

The construction of the semiclassical trace formula for the resonances with the transverse electric (TE) polarization for two-dimensional dielectric cavities is discussed. Special attention is given to the derivation of the two first terms of Weyl's series for the average number of such resonances. The obtained formulas agree well with numerical calculations for dielectric cavities of different shapes.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Trace formula for dieletric cavities : I. General properties

The construction of the trace formula for open dielectric cavities is examined in detail. Using the Krein formula it is shown that the sum over cavity resonances can be written as a sum over classical periodic orbits for the motion inside the cavity. The contribution of each periodic orbit is the product of the two factors. The first is the same as in the standard trace formula and the second is connected with the product of reflection coefficients for all points of reflection with the cavity boundary. Two asymptotic terms of the smooth resonance counting function related with the area and the perimeter of the cavity are derived. The coefficient of the perimeter term differs from the one for closed cavities due to unusual high-energy asymptotics of the $\mathbf{S}$-matrix for the scattering on the cavity. Corrections to the leading semi-classical formula are briefly discussed. Obtained formulas agree well with numerical calculations for circular dielectric cavities.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

Multifractality of quantum wave functions in the presence of perturbations

We present a comprehensive study of the destruction of quantum multifractality in the presence of perturbations. We study diverse representative models displaying multifractality, including a pseudointegrable system, the Anderson model and a random matrix model. We apply several types of natural perturbations which can be relevant for experimental implementations. We construct an analytical theory for certain cases, and perform extensive large-scale numerical simulations in other cases. The data are analyzed through refined methods including double scaling analysis. Our results confirm the recent conjecture that multifractality breaks down following two scenarios. In the first one, multifractality is preserved unchanged below a certain characteristic length which decreases with perturbation strength. In the second one, multifractality is affected at all scales and disappears uniformly for a strong enough perturbation. Our refined analysis shows that subtle variants of these scenarios can be present in certain cases. This study could guide experimental implementations in order to observe quantum multifractality in real systems.Comment: 20 pages, 27 figure

Two scenarios for quantum multifractality breakdown

We expose two scenarios for the breakdown of quantum multifractality under the effect of perturbations. In the first scenario, multifractality survives below a certain scale of the quantum fluctuations. In the other one, the fluctuations of the wave functions are changed at every scale and each multifractal dimension smoothly goes to the ergodic value. We use as generic examples a one-dimensional dynamical system and the three-dimensional Anderson model at the metal-insulator transition. Based on our results, we conjecture that the sensitivity of quantum multifractality to perturbation is universal in the sense that it follows one of these two scenarios depending on the perturbation. We also discuss the experimental implications.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, minor modifications, published versio

Circular dielectric cavity and its deformations

The construction of perturbation series for slightly deformed dielectric circular cavity is discussed in details. The obtained formulae are checked on the example of cut disks. A good agreement is found with direct numerical simulations and far-field experiments.Comment: 17 pages, 12 figure

Trace formula for dielectric cavities II: Regular, pseudo-integrable, and chaotic examples

Dielectric resonators are open systems particularly interesting due to their wide range of applications in optics and photonics. In a recent paper [PRE, vol. 78, 056202 (2008)] the trace formula for both the smooth and the oscillating parts of the resonance density was proposed and checked for the circular cavity. The present paper deals with numerous shapes which would be integrable (square, rectangle, and ellipse), pseudo-integrable (pentagon) and chaotic (stadium), if the cavities were closed (billiard case). A good agreement is found between the theoretical predictions, the numerical simulations, and experiments based on organic micro-lasers.Comment: 18 pages, 32 figure

Inferring periodic orbits from spectra of simple shaped micro-lasers

Dielectric micro-cavities are widely used as laser resonators and characterizations of their spectra are of interest for various applications. We experimentally investigate micro-lasers of simple shapes (Fabry-Perot, square, pentagon, and disk). Their lasing spectra consist mainly of almost equidistant peaks and the distance between peaks reveals the length of a quantized periodic orbit. To measure this length with a good precision, it is necessary to take into account different sources of refractive index dispersion. Our experimental and numerical results agree with the superscar model describing the formation of long-lived states in polygonal cavities. The limitations of the two-dimensional approximation are briefly discussed in connection with micro-disks.Comment: 13 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review

Near integrable systems

A two-dimensional circular quantum billiard with unusual boundary conditions introduced by Berry and Dennis (\emph{J Phys A} {\bf 41} (2008) 135203) is considered in detail. It is demonstrated that most of its eigenfunctions are strongly localized and the corresponding eigenvalues are close to eigenvalues of the circular billiard with Neumann boundary conditions. Deviations from strong localization are also discussed. These results agree well with numerical calculations.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figure

Eigenvalue Problem in Two Dimensions for an Irregular Boundary II: Neumann Condition

We formulate a systematic elegant perturbative scheme for determining the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation (\bigtriangledown^{2} + k^{2}){\psi} = 0 in two dimensions when the normal derivative of {\psi} vanishes on an irregular closed curve. Unique feature of this method, unlike other perturbation schemes, is that it does not require a separate formalism to treat degeneracies. Degenerate states are handled equally elegantly as the non-degenerate ones. A real parameter, extracted from the parameters defining the irregular boundary, serves as a perturbation parameter in this scheme as opposed to earlier schemes where the perturbation parameter is an artificial one. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is gauged by calculating the eigenvalues for elliptical and supercircular boundaries and comparing with the results obtained numerically. We also present a simple and interesting semi-empirical formula, determining the eigenspectrum of the 2D Helmholtz equation with the Dirichlet or the Neumann condition for a supercircular boundary. A comparison of the eigenspectrum for several low-lying modes obtained by employing the formula with the corresponding numerical estimates shows good agreement for a wide range of the supercircular exponent.Comment: 26 pages, 12 figure

Deux applications du chaos quantique : etude des fonctions d'ondes aleatoires via SLE et description de cavites dielectriques

We studied here two problem of quantum chaos. First we gave another argument for the percolation model in order to describe the nodal lines of a wavefunction of a quantum system whose classical counterpart is chaotic. We described the lines via the Schramm Loewner Evolution process and our numerical results show no contradiction with Smirnov's theorem relating SLE and the critical percolation .Secondly we were interested in dielectric cavities and how to generalize well-known results about billiards to these open systems. We gave the two first terms for the Weyl's expansion of the resonance counting function and generalize the trace formula for these systems. Our results agree with both numerical and experimental data. This thesis show how fundamental the quantum chaos is for very topical issues.Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons étudié deux problèmes spécifiques de chaos quantique. D'abord, nous avons confirmé le modèle de percolation critique pour décrire statistiquement les lignes nodales des fonctions d'onde de systèmes classiquement chaotiques. Dans ce but, les lignes ont été décrites à l'aide d'un processus de Schramm-Loewner et notre étude numérique concorde avec le récent théorème liant ce processus et la percolation au seuil critique. Dans une seconde partie nous avons généralisé les résultats connus en chaos quantique sur les billards fermés aux cavités diélectriques ouvertes. Nous avons donné des formules générales pour une légère pertubation d'une cavité circulaire et proposé une généralisation de formule de trace pour ces systèmes. En particulier nous donnons les premiers termes de la série de Weyl pour compter le nombre de résonances d'une cavité diélectrique. Ces résultats sont en accord avec les mesures expérimentales et nos calculs numériques. Ces deux études montrent le caractère fondamental et transversal des techniques du chaos quantique pour les problèmes actuels