21,536 research outputs found
Project-Based Methodology to Lecture on Web Frameworks Applied to the Management of Health-Related Data
The management and processing of the data generated by
healthcare systems is getting more and more attention because of the
digitalization of a traditionally analogical sector such as healthcare.
Various data management frameworks and solutions have emerged to
face some of the multiple challenges present in this environment, includ ing: (a) Data privacy and security; (b) Inter-operability between het erogeneous systems; and (c) Usability and readability of health-related
sensitive information.
In this paper, the authors share their experience on lecturing on how
to address such issues by developing web-based software from several
points of views: (a) Healthcare professional needs and requirements in
terms of usability, accessibility and easiness; (b) Technical requirements
and knowledge required to develop all the layers of a fully functional
example of a micro health information system; and (c) Technical require ments to share and distribute the data required by several agents of the
healthcare environment, focusing on the adoption of international stan dards such as HL7; (d) Perform of all operations in a secure, available
and reliable way.
It is concluded that the application of Flipped Teaching among with
Project-based Learning may have a very positive impact on both in
grades and drop rates for late-years (junior and senior) courses within
the Health Engineering bachelor’s degrees
A model for orientation effects in electron‐transfer reactions
A method for solving the single‐particle Schrödinger equation with an oblate spheroidal potential of finite depth is presented. The wave functions are then used to calculate the matrix element T_BA which appears in theories of nonadiabatic electron transfer. The results illustrate the effects of mutual orientation and separation of the two centers on TBA. Trends in these results are discussed in terms of geometrical and nodal structure effects. Analytical expressions related to T_BA for states of spherical wells are presented and used to analyze the nodal structure effects for T_BA for the spheroidal wells
Game theory of mind
This paper introduces a model of ‘theory of mind’, namely, how we represent the intentions and goals of others to optimise our mutual interactions. We draw on ideas from optimum control and game theory to provide a ‘game theory of mind’. First, we consider the representations of goals in terms of value functions that are prescribed by utility or rewards. Critically, the joint value functions and ensuing behaviour are optimised recursively, under the assumption that I represent your value function, your representation of mine, your representation of my representation of yours, and so on ad infinitum. However, if we assume that the degree of recursion is bounded, then players need to estimate the opponent's degree of recursion (i.e., sophistication) to respond optimally. This induces a problem of inferring the opponent's sophistication, given behavioural exchanges. We show it is possible to deduce whether players make inferences about each other and quantify their sophistication on the basis of choices in sequential games. This rests on comparing generative models of choices with, and without, inference. Model comparison is demonstrated using simulated and real data from a ‘stag-hunt’. Finally, we note that exactly the same sophisticated behaviour can be achieved by optimising the utility function itself (through prosocial utility), producing unsophisticated but apparently altruistic agents. This may be relevant ethologically in hierarchal game theory and coevolution
Next-to-leading order QCD predictions for W+W+jj production at the LHC
Because the LHC is a proton-proton collider, sizable production of two
positively charged W-bosons in association with two jets is possible. This
process leads to a distinct signature of same sign high-pt leptons, missing
energy and jets. We compute the NLO QCD corrections to the QCD-mediated part of
pp -> W+W+jj. These corrections reduce the dependence of the production
cross-section on the renormalization and factorization scale to about +- 10
percent. We find that a large number of W+W+jj events contain a relatively hard
third jet. The presence of this jet should help to either pick up the W+W+jj
signal or to reject it as an unwanted background.Comment: 15 pages, 5 (lovely) figures, v3 accepted for publication in JHEP,
corrects tables in appendi
Realisation of a programmable two-qubit quantum processor
The universal quantum computer is a device capable of simulating any physical
system and represents a major goal for the field of quantum information
science. Algorithms performed on such a device are predicted to offer
significant gains for some important computational tasks. In the context of
quantum information, "universal" refers to the ability to perform arbitrary
unitary transformations in the system's computational space. The combination of
arbitrary single-quantum-bit (qubit) gates with an entangling two-qubit gate is
a gate set capable of achieving universal control of any number of qubits,
provided that these gates can be performed repeatedly and between arbitrary
pairs of qubits. Although gate sets have been demonstrated in several
technologies, they have as yet been tailored toward specific tasks, forming a
small subset of all unitary operators. Here we demonstrate a programmable
quantum processor that realises arbitrary unitary transformations on two
qubits, which are stored in trapped atomic ions. Using quantum state and
process tomography, we characterise the fidelity of our implementation for 160
randomly chosen operations. This universal control is equivalent to simulating
any pairwise interaction between spin-1/2 systems. A programmable multi-qubit
register could form a core component of a large-scale quantum processor, and
the methods used here are suitable for such a device.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure
Potentiality in Biology
We take the potentialities that are studied in the biological sciences (e.g., totipotency) to be an important subtype of biological dispositions. The goal of this paper is twofold: first, we want to provide a detailed understanding of what biological dispositions are. We claim that two features are essential for dispositions in biology: the importance of the manifestation process and the diversity of conditions that need to be satisfied for the disposition to be manifest. Second, we demonstrate that the concept of a disposition (or potentiality) is a very useful tool for the analysis of the explanatory practice in the biological sciences. On the one hand it allows an in-depth analysis of the nature and diversity of the conditions under which biological systems display specific behaviors. On the other hand the concept of a disposition may serve a unificatory role in the philosophy of the natural sciences since it captures not only the explanatory practice of biology, but of all natural sciences. Towards the end we will briefly come back to the notion of a potentiality in biology
Instantaneous Shape Sampling - a model for the -absorption cross section of transitional nuclei
The influence of the quadrupole shape fluctuations on the dipole vibrations
in transitional nuclei is investigated in the framework of the Instantaneous
Shape Sampling Model, which combines the Interacting Boson Model for the slow
collective quadrupole motion with the Random Phase Approximation for the rapid
dipole vibrations. Coupling to the complex background configurations is taken
into account by folding the results with a Lorentzian with an energy dependent
width. The low-energy energy portion of the - absorption cross section,
which is important for photo-nuclear processes, is studied for the isotopic
series of Kr, Xe, Ba, and Sm. The experimental cross sections are well
reproduced. The low-energy cross section is determined by the Landau
fragmentation of the dipole strength and its redistribution caused by the shape
fluctuations. Collisional damping only wipes out fluctuations of the absorption
cross section, generating the smooth energy dependence observed in experiment.
In the case of semi-magic nuclei, shallow pygmy resonances are found in
agreement with experiment
Entangled Mechanical Oscillators
Hallmarks of quantum mechanics include superposition and entanglement. In the
context of large complex systems, these features should lead to situations like
Schrodinger's cat, which exists in a superposition of alive and dead states
entangled with a radioactive nucleus. Such situations are not observed in
nature. This may simply be due to our inability to sufficiently isolate the
system of interest from the surrounding environment -- a technical limitation.
Another possibility is some as-of-yet undiscovered mechanism that prevents the
formation of macroscopic entangled states. Such a limitation might depend on
the number of elementary constituents in the system or on the types of degrees
of freedom that are entangled. One system ubiquitous to nature where
entanglement has not been previously demonstrated is distinct mechanical
oscillators. Here we demonstrate deterministic entanglement of separated
mechanical oscillators, consisting of the vibrational states of two pairs of
atomic ions held in different locations. We also demonstrate entanglement of
the internal states of an atomic ion with a distant mechanical oscillator.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure
HIV-1 viral load is elevated in individuals with reverse transcriptase mutation M184V/I during virological failure of first line antiretroviral therapy and is associated with compensatory mutation L74I
Background:
M184V/I cause high-level lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (FTC) resistance, and increased tenofovir (TDF) susceptibility. Nonetheless, 3TC and FTC (collectively referred to as XTC) appear to retain modest activity against HIV-1 with these mutations possibly as a result of reduced replication capacity. Here we determined how M184V/I impacts virus load (VL) in patients failing therapy on a TDF/XTC plus nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI)-containing regimen.
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Methods:
We compared VL in absence and presence M184V/I across studies using random effects meta-analysis. The effect of mutations on virus RT activity and infectiousness was analysed in vitro.
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Results:
M184I/V was present in 817 (56.5%) of 1445 individuals with VF. VL was similar in individuals with or without M184I/V (difference in log10VL 0.18, 95% CI 0.05-0.31). CD4 count was lower both at initiation of ART and at VF in participants who went on to develop M184V/I. L74I was present in 10.2% of persons with M184V/I but absent in persons without M184V/I (p<0.0001). In vitro, L74I compensated for defective replication of M184V mutated virus.
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Conclusion:
Virus loads were similar in persons with and without M184V/I during VF on a TDF/XTC/NNRTI-containing regimen. We therefore do not find evidence for a benefit of XTC in the context of first line failure on this combination
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