Respuesta fisiológica al estrés agudo en conejos alimentados con dietas enriquecidas con ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3

A total of 700 kits were randomly distributed in flatdeck group cages avoiding litter effect. They were fed 2 isofibrous, isoenergetic and isoproteic diets formulated with 2 different sources of fat: mixed fat (control group, C, n=350) and a supplement of salmon oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (PUFA group, P, n=350)

Efecto de los grados día de ayuno y del hacinamiento previos al sacrificio sobre el contenido estomacal y respuesta de estrés en trucha arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

El ayuno pre-sacrificio es una práctica rutinaria en acuicultura que se lleva a cabo para vaciar el aparato digestivo disminuyendo la cantidad de heces y previniendo una contaminación de la canal (Robb, 2008). Sin embargo, el ayuno puede también incrementar los niveles de estrés de los peces y si estos son lo suficientemente altos afectan a la calidad de la canal (Poli et al., 2005)

Anti-tumour necrosis factor discontinuation in inflammatory bowel disease patients in remission: study protocol of a prospective, multicentre, randomized clinical trial

Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease who achieve remission with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs may have treatment withdrawn due to safety concerns and cost considerations, but there is a lack of prospective, controlled data investigating this strategy. The primary study aim is to compare the rates of clinical remission at 1?year in patients who discontinue anti-TNF treatment versus those who continue treatment. Methods: This is an ongoing, prospective, double-blind, multicentre, randomized, placebo-controlled study in patients with Crohn?s disease or ulcerative colitis who have achieved clinical remission for ?6?months with an anti-TNF treatment and an immunosuppressant. Patients are being randomized 1:1 to discontinue anti-TNF therapy or continue therapy. Randomization stratifies patients by the type of inflammatory bowel disease and drug (infliximab versus adalimumab) at study inclusion. The primary endpoint of the study is sustained clinical remission at 1?year. Other endpoints include endoscopic and radiological activity, patient-reported outcomes (quality of life, work productivity), safety and predictive factors for relapse. The required sample size is 194 patients. In addition to the main analysis (discontinuation versus continuation), subanalyses will include stratification by type of inflammatory bowel disease, phenotype and previous treatment. Biological samples will be obtained to identify factors predictive of relapse after treatment withdrawal. Results: Enrolment began in 2016, and the study is expected to end in 2020. Conclusions: This study will contribute prospective, controlled data on outcomes and predictors of relapse in patients with inflammatory bowel disease after withdrawal of anti-TNF agents following achievement of clinical remission. Clinical trial reference number: EudraCT 2015-001410-1

South Asian women and employment in Britain The interaction of gender and ethnicity

Includes bibliographical referencesAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:6945. 8175(no 891) / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

The effect of intermittent feeding on the pre-slaughter fasting response in rainbow trout

Pre-slaughter fasting, usually measured in days, helps to empty the digestive system but less is known about its effect on fish welfare or flesh quality. We evaluated the combined effects of fasting (measured in degree-days, °C d), preceded by intermittent feeding in the last month of production, on the flesh quality rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout (n = 240) were fed the same total amount of food either daily (D), once every two days (2D) or once every four days (4D) for one month, and then fasted for 24.3 °C d (2 days) or 102 °C d (9 days). There was a significant interaction between the effects of intermittent feeding and pre-slaughter fasting for most of the parameters measured. Slaughter weight was higher in 2D and 4D trout after two days of fasting, probably since they had more feed in their stomachs. Muscle glycogen and the hepato-somatic index were also higher in 2D trout after 2 days of fasting, suggesting higher energy reserves. There was no interaction between the effects of intermittent feeding and fasting on final muscle pH which was higher after 9 days of fasting, indicating poorer flesh quality. Overall, the results suggest that trout that received a skip-a-day feeding schedule one month before slaughter, adapt better to a two day fast than trout fed daily or once every four days

Reducing the effect of pre-slaughter fasting on the stress response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Fasting is commonly used in aquaculture to empty the gut before slaughter, but little is known about how feeding frequency before fasting affects the stress response of trout. To find out more, 240 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were separated into three groups with different feeding schedules during the final month of fattening, from 26 September to 28 October 2013 (daily, every two days or every four days) and two durations of pre-slaughter fasting (two days of fasting; 24.3 degree days, to nine days of fasting; 102 degree days). After slaughter, a number of stress-related parameters were measured, such as liver glycogen, skin/gill colour and haematological parameters (cortisol, glucose, lactate, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase). Trout given food every two days on the farm had lower levels of cortisol and higher levels of triglycerides and liver glycogen than the other treatments after two days of fasting; indicating that habituating trout to feed once every two days in the final month of fattening lowered their stress response to two days of fasting before slaughter. © 2016 Universities Federation for Animal Welfare

Physio-metabolic response of rainbow trout during prolonged food deprivation before slaughter

Fish normally undergo periods of food deprivation that are longer than non-hibernating mammals. In aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), it is unclear how fasting may affect their physiological adaptative response, especially when they are normally fed daily. In addition, that response may vary with temperature, making it necessary to express fasting duration in terms of degree days. In the current study, trout were fasted for 5, 10, and 20 days (55, 107, and 200 degree days (°C d), respectively). To assess the physiological response of fish to fasting, different biometric, blood, plasma, and metabolic parameters were measured, as well as liver fatty acid composition. The fish weight, condition factor, and the hepato-somatic index of 5-day fasted trout were not significantly different from those of control fish. Gastric pH increased as fasting progressed while plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and total proteins decreased significantly after 10 days of fasting, while the percentage of non-esterified fatty acids increased. There were no significant differences in plasma ions (sodium, potassium, and calcium), except for chloride ion which decreased after 5 days of fasting. Liver glycogen decreased after 5 days of fasting while glycogen concentration in muscle did not decrease until 20 days of fasting. Liver color presented a higher chroma after 5 days of fasting, suggesting a mobilization of reserves. Finally, acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was not affected by food deprivation but increased after 10 days of fasting in liver and muscle, suggesting the mobilization of body reserves, but without severely affecting basal metabolism

Physio-metabolic response of rainbow trout during prolonged food deprivation before slaughter

Fish normally undergo periods of food deprivation that are longer than non-hibernating mammals. In aquacultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), it is unclear how fasting may affect their physiological adaptative response, especially when they are normally fed daily. In addition, that response may vary with temperature, making it necessary to express fasting duration in terms of degree days. In the current study, trout were fasted for 5, 10, and 20 days (55, 107, and 200 degree days (°C d), respectively). To assess the physiological response of fish to fasting, different biometric, blood, plasma, and metabolic parameters were measured, as well as liver fatty acid composition. The fish weight, condition factor, and the hepatosomatic index of 5-day fasted trout were not significantly different from those of control fish. Gastric pH increased as fasting progressed while plasma concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and total proteins decreased significantly after 10 days of fasting, while the percentage of non-esterified fatty acids increased. There were no significant differences in plasma ions (sodium, potassium, and calcium), except for chloride ion which decreased after 5 days of fasting. Liver glycogen decreased after 5 days of fasting while glycogen concentration in muscle did not decrease until 20 days of fasting. Liver color presented a higher chroma after 5 days of fasting, suggesting a mobilization of reserves. Finally, acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain was not affected by food deprivation but increased after 10 days of fasting in liver and muscle, suggesting the mobilization of body reserves, but without severely affecting basal metabolism

Dietary Fruit By-Products Improve the Physiological Status of Nile Tilapias <i>(Oreochromis niloticus)</i> and the Quality of Their Meat

By-products from fruit industrialization retain nutritional and functional components; thus, they may find use in animal feeding. This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary fruit industrial by-products on the tilapias blood biochemical and oxidative parameters and on the composition and lipid peroxidation of their fillets. Four diets were supplied to the tilapias: a C-control diet, with no fruit meal, and three diets containing 5% of either acerola (ACM), apple (APM) or grape (GRM) meal. The phenolic compounds and the carotenoids in the meals and their antioxidant capacities were measured. Fish were weighed and measured for the calculation of the growth performance data, their blood was analyzed for health and oxidative status biomarkers and their fillets were analyzed for proximal composition and lipid peroxidation. Grape meal had the highest concentration of phenolics and carotenoids and the highest antioxidant activity, followed by acerola and apple meals. The productive performance was similar among the treatments. The fruit by-product diets either maintained or improved the biochemical biomarkers of health and improved the oxidative status of the fish. The fruit by-product diets increased the concentration of lipids in the fillets and slowed down the onset of the lipid peroxidation during frozen storage