2,764 research outputs found
Elastic Lennard-Jones Polymers Meet Clusters -- Differences and Similarities
We investigate solid-solid and solid-liquid transitions of elastic flexible
off-lattice polymers with Lennard-Jones monomer-monomer interaction and
anharmonic springs by means of sophisticated variants of multicanonical Monte
Carlo methods. We find that the low-temperature behavior depends strongly and
non-monotonically on the system size and exhibits broad similarities to unbound
atomic clusters. Particular emphasis is dedicated to the classification of
icosahedral and non-icosahedral low-energy polymer morphologies.Comment: 9 pages, 17 figure
Experimental demonstration of continuous variable purification of squeezed states
We report on the first experimental demonstration of purification of
nonclassical continuous variable states. The protocol uses two copies of
phase-diffused states overlapped on a beam splitter and provides Gaussified,
less mixed states with the degree of squeezing improved. The protocol uses only
linear optical devices such as beam splitters and homodyne detection, thereby
proving these optical elements can be used for successful purification of this
type of state decoherence which occurs in optical transmission channels
Changes in union membership over time : a panel analysis for West Germany
Despite the apparent stability of the wage bargaining institutions in West Germany, aggregate union membership has been declining dramatically since the early 90's. However, aggregate gross membership numbers do not distinguish by employment status and it is impossible to disaggregate these sufficiently. This paper uses four waves of the German Socioeconomic Panel in 1985, 1989, 1993, and 1998 to perform a panel analysis of net union membership among employees. We estimate a correlated random effects probit model suggested in Chamberlain (1984) to take proper account of individual specfic effects. Our results suggest that at the individual level the propensity to be a union member has not changed considerably over time. Thus, the aggregate decline in membership is due to composition effects. We also use the estimates to predict net union density at the industry level based on the IAB employment subsample for the time period 1985 to 1997. JEL - Klassifikation: J
Preparing the bound instance of quantum entanglement
Among the possibly most intriguing aspects of quantum entanglement is that it
comes in "free" and "bound" instances. Bound entangled states require entangled
states in preparation but, once realized, no free entanglement and therefore no
pure maximally entangled pairs can be regained. Their existence hence certifies
an intrinsic irreversibility of entanglement in nature and suggests a
connection with thermodynamics. In this work, we present a first experimental
unconditional preparation and detection of a bound entangled state of light. We
consider continuous-variable entanglement, use convex optimization to identify
regimes rendering its bound character well certifiable, and realize an
experiment that continuously produced a distributed bound entangled state with
an extraordinary and unprecedented significance of more than ten standard
deviations away from both separability and distillability. Our results show
that the approach chosen allows for the efficient and precise preparation of
multimode entangled states of light with various applications in quantum
information, quantum state engineering and high precision metrology.Comment: The final version accounts for a recent comment in Nature Physics
[24] clarifying that a previous claim of having generated bound entanglement
[23] was not supported by the authors' data. We also extended our
introduction and discussion and also added reference
Demonstration of 3-port grating phase relations
We experimentally demonstrate the phase relations of 3-port gratings by
investigating 3-port coupled Fabry-Perot cavities. Two different gratings which
have the same 1st order diffraction efficiency but differ substantially in
their 2nd order diffraction efficiency have been designed and manufactured.
Using the gratings as couplers to Fabry-Perot cavities we could validate the
results of an earlier theoretical description of the phases at a three port
grating
Helper T cells (CD3+/CD4+) within the autologous peripheral blood stem cell graft positively correlate with event free survival of multiple myeloma patients
The microenvironment in the bone marrow β including lymphocytes β is part of the pathophysiology of multiple myeloma (MM). High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is standard of care for younger patients. Aim: To determine the influence of reinfused lymphocyte subsets on event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS). Methods: In peripheral blood (PB) and aphaeresis products (AP) of 41 MM patients lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry and were correlated with clinical outcome. Results: PB lymphocyte subsets did not influence EFS or OS. Residual plasma cells in the AP were not correlated with poor outcome, whereas a high percentage of B cells (CD19+) showed a trend towards reduced EFS (P = 0.051). A high amount of CD4 cells and an increased CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly associated with prolonged EFS. In contrast, high percentage of HLA-DR positive lymphocytes showed negative impact on EFS and OS (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). Conclusion: Obtained data suggest the non-activated (HLA-DR negative) helper CD4+ T cells in the AP to be tumour protective.ΠΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ·Π³Π΅, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌΡ
(MM). ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ, Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²
Π½Π° Π±Π΅Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ (EFS) ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
c ΠΠ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (PB) ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π° (ΠΠ ) ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ ( n = 41) ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π B Π½Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° EFS
ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ OS. ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΠ Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ, Π² ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (CD19+) ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ EFS (P = 0,051). ΠΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ CD4-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ CD4/CD8 Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ EFS. Π ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ HLADR-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π» ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° EFS ΠΈ OS (P = 0,03 ΠΈ 0,02 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ). ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ:
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ (HLA-DR-ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅) Ρ
Π΅Π»ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ CD4+ T-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ
Π² AP ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ
Direct Sampling of Negative Quasiprobabilities of a Squeezed State
Although squeezed states are nonclassical states, so far, their
nonclassicality could not be demonstrated by negative quasiprobabilities. In
this work we derive pattern functions for the direct experimental determination
of so-called nonclassicality quasiprobabilities. The negativities of these
quantities turn out to be necessary and sufficient for the nonclassicality of
an arbitrary quantum state and are therefore suitable for a direct and general
test of nonclassicality. We apply the method to a squeezed vacuum state of
light that was generated by parametric down-conversion in a second-order
nonlinear crystal.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material adde
Entangled Qubits in a non-Gaussian Quantum State
We experimentally generate and tomographically characterize a mixed, genuinely non-Gaussian bipartite continuous-variable entangled state. By testing entanglement in 22-dimensional two-qubit subspaces, entangled qubits are localized within the density matrix, which, firstly, proves the distillability of the state and, secondly, is useful to estimate the efficiency and test the applicability of distillation protocols. In our example, the entangled qubits are arranged in the density matrix in an asymmetric way, i.e. entanglement is found between diverse qubits composed of different photon number states, although the entangled state is symmetric under exchanging the modes
Microcanonical entropy inflection points: Key to systematic understanding of transitions in finite systems
We introduce a systematic classification method for the analogs of phase
transitions in finite systems. This completely general analysis, which is
applicable to any physical system and extends towards the thermodynamic limit,
is based on the microcanonical entropy and its energetic derivative, the
inverse caloric temperature. Inflection points of this quantity signal
cooperative activity and thus serve as distinct indicators of transitions. We
demonstrate the power of this method through application to the long-standing
problem of liquid-solid transitions in elastic, flexible homopolymers.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
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