Fluctuación estacional de Aedes aegypti en Chaco, Argentina

OBJECTIVE: To study the seasonal fluctuation of Aedes aegypti and to correlate its abundance with climate conditions. METHODS: Samples were weekly collected in ovitraps in the city of Resistencia, Chaco Province, Argentina, between October 2002 and November 2003. The number of eggs collected was correlated with temperature, relative humidity, evaporation and rainfalls recorded. Pearson's correlation test with the respective weekly climate data was used in single and multiple correlation analyses. RESULTS: The first record of eggs took place in the last week of October 2002 and continued irregularly up to the last week of June 2003, when no more eggs were seen until November 2003. The highest peak of abundance (70%) was observed in November-December 2002, which coincided with the season of high temperatures and rainfalls. A second less important peak was seen in April coinciding with autumn rainfalls. Significant correlations were found only for monthly accumulated rainfall (r=0.57; pOBJETIVO: Estudiar la fluctuación estacional de Aedes aegypti y correlacionar su abundancia con factores ambientales. MÉTODOS: Las colectas fueron realizadas entre octubre de 2002 y noviembre de 2003, en la ciudad de Resistencia, província del Chaco, Argentina. Fueron hechos muestreos semanales empleando ovitrampas. El número de huevos colectados fue correlacionado con la temperatura, humedad relativa ambiente, evaporación y precipitaciones registradas en dicha localidad. Se utilizó el test de correlación de Pearson con los respectivos datos climáticos semanales, realizándose correlaciones simples y múltiples. RESULTADOS: La ocurrencia de huevos fue registrada de manera discontinua, desde la última semana de octubre de 2002, hasta la última de junio de 2003, a partir de la cual no fueron encontrados hasta noviembre de 2003. Se observó un pico de abundancia (70%) en noviembre y diciembre, que coincidió con el período de temperaturas altas y mayores precipitaciones. Otro pico, aunque de menor importancia, fue observado en abril y coincidió con las lluvias de otoño. Las correlaciones fueron significativas solamente para las precipitaciones acumuladas mensuales (r=0,57;

Somatically ill persons’ self-nominated quality of life domains: review of the literature and guidelines for future studies

OBJECTIVE: To review which domains somatically ill persons nominate as constituting their QoL. Specific objective is to examine whether the method of enquiry affect these domains. METHODS: We conducted two literature searches in the databases PubMed/Medline, CINAHL and Psychinfo for qualitative studies examining patients' self-defined QoL domains using (1) SEIQoL and (2) study-specific questions. For each database, two researchers independently assessed the eligibility of the retrieved abstracts and three researchers subsequently classified all QoL domains. RESULTS: Thirty-six eligible papers were identified: 27 studies using the SEIQoL, and nine presenting data derived from study-specific questions. The influence of the method of enquiry on patients' self-nominated QoL domains appears limited: most domains were presented in both types of studies, albeit with different frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a comprehensive overview of somatically ill persons' self-nominated QoL domains. However, limitations inherent to reviewing qualitative studies (e.g., the varying level of abstraction of patients' self-defined QoL domains), limitations of the included studies and limitations inherent to the review process, hinder cross-study comparisons. Therefore, we provide guidelines to address shortcomings of qualitative reports amenable to improvement and to stimulate further improvement of conducting and reporting qualitative research aimed at exploring respondents' self-nominated QoL domains

Early post-operative incontinence following transurethral resection of the prostate: prevalence and patient experiences

Benign prostatic hyperplasia affects many men over 70 years of age. One of the most effective treatments is transurethral resection of the prostate using either diathermy current through a fine metal cutting loop or holmium fibre. Even after successful surgery, however, patients can suffer from temporary incontinence. Results of a pilot study found that nurses underestimated this problem and were not aware of incontinence in their patients. The aims of this study were to assess prevalence of early post-operative incontinence, to explore patients’ experiences with it, and to determine whether they received adequate information from nurses about how to deal with incontinence at home. To assess prevalence, symptoms and their interference with daily life, 94 men were interviewed using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form. To explore experiences, six men were interviewed using an interview guide with open-ended questions. The findings showed that 35% of the men experienced early post-operative incontinence within 2 weeks after discharge from hospital. The majority (84%) declared that incontinence interfered with their daily lives. This study reveals that nurses have an important role in educating patients about coping with temporary incontinence following prostate surgery

Presencia de Lutzomyia (Diptera; Psychodidae; Phlebotominae) en un área de transmisión de Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria (LT) en la ciudad de Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina. Resultados preliminares

Fil: Rosa, Juan R. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Stein, Marina. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Willener, J. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias; Argentina.Fil: Gorodner, J. O. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina

Presencia de Lutzomyia (Diptera; Psychodidae; Phlebotominae) en un área de transmisión de Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria (LT) en la ciudad de Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina. Resultados preliminares

Fil: Rosa, Juan R. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Stein, Marina. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Willener, J. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias; Argentina.Fil: Gorodner, J. O. UNNE. Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina

Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria Americana. Fauna Flebotomínica (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) en un área Periurbana de la Ciudad de Resistencia, Provincia del Chaco, Argentina.

Fil: Rosa, Juan R. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Stein, Marina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Willener, J. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias; Argentina.Fil: Gorodner, J. O. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la composión faunística y la predominancia de las principales especies de flebotomineos determinando su distribución y la consecuente emergencia, re-emergencia de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria, al menos en esta región

Leishmaniasis Tegumentaria Americana. Fauna Flebotomínica (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) en un área Periurbana de la Ciudad de Resistencia, Provincia del Chaco, Argentina.

Fil: Rosa, Juan R. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Stein, Marina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Willener, J. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.Fil: Salomón, Oscar Daniel. ANLIS Dr.C.G.Malbrán. Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico e Investigación en Endemo-Epidemias; Argentina.Fil: Gorodner, J. O. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste (UNNE). Instituto de Medicina Regional, Resistencia, Chaco; Argentina.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo describir la composión faunística y la predominancia de las principales especies de flebotomineos determinando su distribución y la consecuente emergencia, re-emergencia de la leishmaniasis tegumentaria, al menos en esta región

Reassessment of the cardio-respiratory stress response, using the king penguin as a model

International audienceResearch in to short-term cardio-respiratory changes in animais in reaction to a psychologicalstressor typically describes increases in rate of oxygen consumption (Vo,) and heart rate.Consequently, the broad consensus is that they represent a fundamental stressor responsegeneralizable across adult species. However, movement levels can also change in the presenceof a stressor, yet studies have not accounted for this possible confound on heart rate. Thus thedirect effects of psychological stressors on the cardio-respiratory system are not resolved. Weused an innovative experimental design employing accelerometers attached to king penguins(Aptenodytes patagonicus) to measure and thus account for mavement levels in a sedentary yetfree-ta-mave animal model during a repeated measures stress experiment. As with previousstudies on other species, incubating king penguins (N = 6) exhibited significant increases inboth Va, and heart rate when exposed ta the stressor. Hawever, mavement levels, while stilllaw, also increased in respanse ta the stressar. Once this was accaunted for by camparingperiads oftime during the control and stress conditions when movement levels were similar asrecorded by the accelerometers, only Va, significantly increased; there was no change in heartrate. These findings offer evidence that changing movement levels have an important effect onthe measured stress response and that the cardia-respiratary respanse per se ta a psycholog icalstressor (Le. the respanse as a result of physialagical changes directly attributable to thestressar) is an increase in Vo, withaut an increase in heart rate