The impact of alcohol and drug use on employment: A labor market study using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth

The purpose of this study was, first, to estimate of the impact of alcohol and drug use on the employment status of men and women, and second, to examine whether a history of past use, as opposed to current use, adversely affects the propensity to be employed. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth we conducted a cross-sectional and a longitudinal analysis with logistic regression estimation to model the probability that a person was employed in 1992. In addition to usual regressors, interactions between substance use measures, between substance use measures and human capital variables, and between substance use measures and race dummies were included in the equation. The longitudinal analysis utilized a conditional likelihood method based on employment data in 1992 and 1988 and included the difference between 1992 regressors and their 1988 counterparts. A comparison was made between the prediction accuracy of the logit choice model, linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor analysis, and three modern classification methods that are used extensively in the area of machine learning. Results showed that the logit model performs relatively well in classifying individuals into employed and unemployed categories based on individual attributes. Results of the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis were mixed, but not inconsistent with our prior expectations that use of alcohol or drug has a negative impact on a person's propensity to be employed. Cross-sectional results show a clear negative impact of past substance use on a person's employment probability among all demographic groups examined (by gender: all persons, blacks, Hispanics, families with income below the poverty line, and high users of alcohol or drugs). However, when current and past use are considered together, only women seem to experience negative impacts. The results of the longitudinal analysis are less clear, although they do indicate that negative impacts are associated with the interaction between substance use measures and human capital variables. Limitations of the study are pointed out and suggestions are made for future research.

Length dependence of current-induced breakdown in carbon nanofiber interconnects

Current-induced breakdown is investigated for carbon nanofibers (CNF) for potential interconnect applications. The measured maximum current density in the suspended CNF is inversely proportional to the nanofiber length and is independent of diameter. This relationship can be described with a heat transport model that takes into account Joule heating and heat diffusion along the CNF, assuming that breakdown occurs when and where the temperature reaches a threshold or critical value

A Synoptic, Multiwavelength Analysis of a Large Quasar Sample

We present variability and multi-wavelength photometric information for the 933 known quasars in the QUEST Variability Survey. These quasars are grouped into variable and non-variable populations based on measured variability confidence levels. In a time-limited synoptic survey, we detect an anti-correlation between redshift and the likelihood of variability. Our comparison of variability likelihood to radio, IR, and X-ray data is consistent with earlier quasar studies. Using already-known quasars as a template, we introduce a light curve morphology algorithm that provides an efficient method for discriminating variable quasars from periodic variable objects in the absence of spectroscopic information. The establishment of statistically robust trends and efficient, non-spectroscopic selection algorithms will aid in quasar identification and categorization in upcoming massive synoptic surveys. Finally, we report on three interesting variable quasars, including variability confirmation of the BL Lac candidate PKS 1222+037.Comment: AJ, accepted for publication 15 Dec 200

Mink Predation of Brown Trout in a Black Hills Stream

In the early 2000’s, declines in the brown trout (Salmo trutta) fishery in Rapid Creek, South Dakota, caused concern for anglers and fisheries managers. We conducted a radio telemetry study in 2010 and 2011 to identify predation mortality associated with mink, using hatchery-reared (2010) or wild (2011) brown trout. Estimated predation rates by mink (Mustela vison) on radio-tagged brown trout were 30% for hatchery fish and 32% for wild fish. Size frequency analysis revealed that the size distribution of brown trout lost to predation was similar to that of other, radio-tagged brown trout. In both years, a higher proportion of predation mortality (83–92%) occurred during spring, consistent with seasonal fish consumption by mink. Predation by mink appeared to be a significant source of brown trout mortality in our study

IDENTIFICATION OF HYDROCARBON TYPES IN "ULTRASENE"

The C/sup 1//sup 1/-C/sup 1//sup 4/ components of a sample of"Ultrasene" were identified as normal- and iso-paraffins; mono-, bi-, and tri-cycloparaffins; alkylbenzenes; indans; indenes; naphthalenes; and acenaphthenes. The aromatic content of this sample was 3.0 vol%. (auth

Flight Dynamics of an Aeroshell Using an Attached Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator

An aeroelastic analysis of the behavior of an entry vehicle utilizing an attached inflatable aerodynamic decelerator during supersonic flight is presented. The analysis consists of a planar, four degree of freedom simulation. The aeroshell and the IAD are assumed to be separate, rigid bodies connected with a spring-damper at an interface point constraining the relative motion of the two bodies. Aerodynamic forces and moments are modeled using modified Newtonian aerodynamics. The analysis includes the contribution of static aerodynamic forces and moments as well as pitch damping. Two cases are considered in the analysis: constant velocity flight and planar free flight. For the constant velocity and free flight cases with neutral pitch damping, configurations with highly-stiff interfaces exhibit statically stable but dynamically unstable aeroshell angle of attack. Moderately stiff interfaces exhibit static and dynamic stability of aeroshell angle of attack due to damping induced by the pitch angle rate lag between the aeroshell and IAD. For the free-flight case, low values of both the interface stiffness and damping cause divergence of the aeroshell angle of attack due to the offset of the IAD drag force with respect to the aeroshell center of mass. The presence of dynamic aerodynamic moments was found to influence the stability characteristics of the vehicle. The effect of gravity on the aeroshell angle of attack stability characteristics was determined to be negligible for the cases investigated

CROPSTATUS--A Computer Program to Assess the Effects of Seasonal Weather Changes on Nebraska\u27s Agriculture

CROPSTATUS is a series of programs residing in Nebraska\u27s AGNET system using daily weather data to assess seasonal changes in crops, livestock, and other agricultural conditions. Assessments are based on parameters developed from accumulations of current daily temperature and precipitation data collected from a network of synoptic, climate, and automated micrometeorological stations in Nebraska in comparison with daily normals. The daily normals were derived from monthly summaries using multiple regression models to compute daily values as a function of Julian day numbers. Crop phenology models based on growing degree days were used to monitor and forecast the progress of different crop strains and times of planting. Biological time scale statistical yield models are used for production estimates. Weather probability information is also available from CROPSTATUS. Long term climatic records have been used to determine spring and autumn freeze probabilities, preseason precipitation available for subsoil moisture recharge and the probabilities of weekly averages of daily maximum and minimum temperatures. These and other features are available in a menu of over 20 different agricultural weather information items developed from a network of 60 weather stations. CROPSTATUS is also used to prepare tabular data and computer maps showing changes in conditions throughout the state. These maps are used in meetings by an interdisciplinary committee of agricultural extension specialists to prepare weekly agweather situation/advisory reports

CROPSTATUS--A Computer Program to Assess the Effects of Seasonal Weather Changes on Nebraska\u27s Agriculture

CROPSTATUS is a series of programs residing in Nebraska\u27s AGNET system using daily weather data to assess seasonal changes in crops, livestock, and other agricultural conditions. Assessments are based on parameters developed from accumulations of current daily temperature and precipitation data collected from a network of synoptic, climate, and automated micrometeorological stations in Nebraska in comparison with daily normals. The daily normals were derived from monthly summaries using multiple regression models to compute daily values as a function of Julian day numbers. Crop phenology models based on growing degree days were used to monitor and forecast the progress of different crop strains and times of planting. Biological time scale statistical yield models are used for production estimates. Weather probability information is also available from CROPSTATUS. Long term climatic records have been used to determine spring and autumn freeze probabilities, preseason precipitation available for subsoil moisture recharge and the probabilities of weekly averages of daily maximum and minimum temperatures. These and other features are available in a menu of over 20 different agricultural weather information items developed from a network of 60 weather stations. CROPSTATUS is also used to prepare tabular data and computer maps showing changes in conditions throughout the state. These maps are used in meetings by an interdisciplinary committee of agricultural extension specialists to prepare weekly agweather situation/advisory reports

What's Inside the Black Box - Explaining Performance Assessment to Stakeholders

The performance assessment (PA) process is being applied to support an increasing variety of waste management decisions that involve the whole spectrum of stakeholders. As with many technical tools, the PA process can be seen as a black box, which can be difficult to understand when implemented. Recognizing the increasing use of PA and the concerns about difficulties with understanding, the Savannah River Site Citizens Advisory Board (CAB) made a recommendation that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) provide a Public Educational Forum on PAs. The DOE-Headquarters Environmental Management (DOE-EM) Office of Compliance and the DOE-Savannah River (DOE-SR) responded to this recommendation by supporting the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) in developing several presentation modules that can be used to describe different aspects of the PA process. For the Public Educational Forum, the PA modules were combined with presentations on DOE perspectives, historical modeling efforts at the Savannah River Site, and review perspectives from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The overall goals are to help the public understand how PAs are implemented and the rigor that is applied, and to provide insight into the use of PAs for waste management decision-making