A comparative study of ultrasound and x-ray in detection, of fracture callus in tibial shaft fractures, treated by unreamed interlocking nailing

Background: Trauma is a major health problem in young adults and adolescents. It is a major cause of disability with fracture being a leading contributor to hospital cost and lost productivity in the workplace. Comparative study of ultrasonography and radiography in the early detection of fracture callus in tibial shaft fracture treated by unreamed static interlocking nailing.Methods: All skeletally mature patients admitted to Krishna Kumar Orthopedic Hospital, Nagercoil were included in our study from 2007 to 2008. 21 patients totally, who had sustained an acute fracture of the tibial shaft and who were treated by statically locked unreamed interlocking nailing were candidates for the study.Results: The mean±standard deviation for ultrasound and X-ray method of detection fracture callus in fractures shaft of tibia treated with static interlocking nailing are 4.82±1.01 and 7.05±1.02 respectively which is statistically highly significant. This analysis reveals that ultrasound detects fracture callus much earlier than X-ray.Conclusions: Ultrasound was able to detect fracture callus in tibial shaft fracture treated by a static unreamed interlocking nail. There was a statistically high significance difference of 2.23 weeks between the two techniques Ultrasound was done using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer probe. Ultrasound could detect fracture callus at a mean period of 4.82 weeks. Whereas X-rays could d detect fracture callus only at a mean period of 7.05 weeks

Polymorphisms in the dopamine receptor 4 gene: is there an association with clinical response to clozapine in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia?

BACKGROUND: Clozapine is the treatment of choice for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Its use is, however, often associated with variable clinical outcomes. It acts as an antagonist of dopamine receptors, with a high affinity for dopamine receptor 4 (DRD4). Polymorphisms in the DRD4 gene have been suggested to contribute to variable drug responses seen. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a 120 base-pair duplication polymorphism in the DRD4 gene affects response to clozapine. METHODS: Patients diagnosed to have TRS, on stable doses of clozapine were the subjects of the study. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral venous blood from the patients, and genotyped for the polymorphism. Serum clozapine levels were also measured. Participants’ socio-demographic and clinical profiles were recorded. Standard assessment schedules were used to assess premorbid adjustments, response to traumatic events, cognitive status and disability. Clozapine response was defined a priori; allelic and genotypic frequencies were determined and correlated with the clinical responses. RESULTS: No genotypic association was found between the polymorphism and serum clozapine levels or response to treatment with clozapine in patients with TRS. However, among the adverse effects, hyper-salivation is significantly associated with the polymorphism of interest (p=0.0009). Presence of the 120-bp duplication in DRD4 appears to confer risk for sialorrhea in response to clozapine therapy. These results suggest that routine screening for DRD4 120-bp repeat polymorphism before clozapine therapy may not be useful as a predictor for clinical response to clozapine. It may, however, help to identify those at high risk for clozapine-induced hyper-salivation

Indoor Positioning of Workers and Monitoring Climatology in Mines Using FM with RSSI

Location based services are becoming a most useful technology in our day-to-day life. Wide utilization of Global Positioning System (GPS) in devices like mobile phones combined with Wi-Fi and cellular networks have solved the problem of outdoor positioning or localization and emerged as a market trend. This, however, is the case only for outdoors. There are many areas, which require the knowledge of user position in indoors. Awareness of user’s location is important in such areas as smart environments, assisted daily living, behaviour analysis studies. The main objective of this thesis was A Dedicated RF Frequency Carrier with Modulated Signal is used for mapping the Movement of Object or Human being. The performance of indoor localization using FM transmitter and receivers are compared with Wi-Fi based indoor positioning which has significantly lower Frequency range when compared to FM

Identification and structural characterisation of a partially arabinosylated lipoarabinomannan variant isolated from a Corynebacterium glutamicum ubiAmutant

Arabinan polysaccharide side-chains are present in both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Corynebacterium glutamicum in the heteropolysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG), and in M. tuberculosis in the lipoglycan, lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Herein, we show by quantitative sugar and glycosyl linkage analysis that C. glutamicum possesses a much smaller LAM version, Cg-LAM, characterised by single t-Araf residues linked to th

Incidence of early-onset neonatal sepsis in relation to prolonged rupture of membranes

Background: Prolonged rupture of membrane (PROM) is an important risk factor for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and preterm births. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of EONS in relation to PROM of more than 18 h. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in a medical college in South India. All the neonates born to mothers with a history of PROM for >18 h were included in this study. Sepsis was diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms and positive blood culture. Results: A total of 200 neonates were included in the study. Among these, confirmed sepsis was diagnosed in 18% (29); statistically, there was no significant difference (p>0.05). A high incidence of sepsis was found in neonates born by normal vaginal (68.5%) delivery. There was no significant difference between incidence of sepsis and duration of PROM; the range was 18–72 h. Conclusion: Sepsis was diagnosed to be less in neonates born to mothers who had prenatal antibiotics

A model for spin-polarized transport in perovskite manganite bi-crystal grain boundaries

We have studied the temperature dependence of low-field magnetoresistance and current-voltage characteristics of a low-angle bi-crystal grain boundary junction in perovskite manganite La_{2/3}Sr_{1/3}MnO_3 thin film. By gradually trimming the junction we have been able to reveal the non-linear behavior of the latter. With the use of the relation M_{GB} \propto M_{bulk}\sqrt{MR^*} we have extracted the grain boundary magnetization. Further, we demonstrate that the built-in potential barrier of the grain boundary can be modelled by V_{bi}\propto M_{bulk}^2 - M_{GB}^2. Thus our model connects the magnetoresistance with the potential barrier at the grain boundary region. The results indicate that the band-bending at the grain boundary interface has a magnetic origin.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Albuterol metered dose inhaler performance under hyperbaric pressures

Comparative Medicine - OneHealth and Comparative Medicine Poster SessionINTRODUCTION: The stimulus for this presentation was an asthma attack suffered on the first dive by a victim of a severe industrial electrical burn. The patient's response to albuterol metered dose inhaler (MDI) treatment given at depth was felt to have been poor. We thus wondered what the output of these devises (chlorofluorocarbon or CFC) was at therapeutic depth versus normobaria. As the current MDIs were being phased out of use we also wondered what the comparable output characteristics of the replacement MDIs (hydrofluoroalkane or HFA) would be. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The dose and aerosol particle size and number delivered by MDIs were measured in a hyperbaric chamber at pressures ranging from one atmosphere absolute (1 ATA, 0 feet of seawater, fsw, 101 kPa) to three ATA (66 fsw, 304 kPa). Mass delivered was measured by a Sartorius B120 analytical balance, and particle size analysis by a TSI 3080L electrostatic classifier with a TSI 3776 ultrafine condensation particle counter. RESULTS: Dose delivery per actuation by CFC and long canister HFA powered MDIs was 13±1% and 12±1% less, respectively, at 3 ATA compared to 1 ATA. However, dose delivery by short canister HFA MDIs was not significantly changed with pressure. The geometric mean diameters of nano particles from the CFC and short canister HFA MDIs decreased from 50 nm at 0 fsw to 32 nm at 66 fsw whereas the long canister HFA aerosol diameters were not affected. The numbers of nanometer size particles delivered at 66 fsw were only 4-7% of those delivered at 0 fsw for the CFC and long canister HFA MDIs; whereas for the short canister HFAs it was 26%. CONCLUSIONS: The doses of albuterol and the sizes and numbers of aerosol particles emitted from albuterol MDIs actuated in a hyperbaric environment vary by canister type; CFC MDI loss is probably unimportant

Acute changes in oxytocin predict behavioral responses to foundation training in horses

Ensuring horse welfare is a central aim in equestrian activities. Training is an important context for welfare, as horses form long-lasting representations of people and actions at a young age. However, only a few studies have addressed horses’ emotional responses during early training with humans. In this study, we followed N = 19 young horses, including naïve yearlings and more experienced two- to three-year-olds, through five foundation training sessions over nine months. Our goal was to combine physiological and behavioral measures to assess emotional responses to early foundation training. Specifically, we measured salivary oxytocin (sOXT) in N = 100 samples and salivary cortisol (sCORT) in N = 96 samples before and after training sessions. We also recoded behavioral responses during training. Changes in sOXT during training predicted individual variation in behavioral responses: Horses who showed more affiliative human-directed behaviors during training had increases in sOXT, while horses who showed more behavioral indicators of discomfort during training had decreases in sOXT. Salivary cortisol was not related to individual behavioral responses, but experienced horses had lower sCORT concentrations both before and after training, and all horses showed decreases in sCORT and in behaviors indicative of fear or discomfort as training progressed. In addition, sCORT increased during longer training sessions, consistent with the established role of cortisol in responding to physical stressors. We conclude that individual variation in positive or negative behavioral responses to foundation training corresponds with acute changes in sOXT concentrations in young horses, suggesting that sOXT may be useful as a non-invasive indicator of emotional responses in young horses.</p

AI Techniques for Efficient Healthcare Systems in ECG Wave Based Cardiac Disease Detection by High Performance Modelling

Heart disease (HD) is extremely lethal by nature and claims a disproportionately large number of lives worldwide. Early and reliable detection techniques are necessary to prevent fatalities from HD. Clinical test results, electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the heart sound signal, impedance cardiography (ICG), magnetic resonance imaging, and computer tomography (CT) can all be used to determine whether an individual has HD. This research propose novel technique in efficient healthcare system by ECG wave based cardiac disease detection using deep learning architecture with high performance modelling. Here the input is collected as ECG waves which has been processed and obtained as ECG wave fragments. This ECG fragment features has been extracted using deep belief kernel principal neural network. Based on this extracted features the patients 3D heart image has been collected and classified using deep quantum multilayer convolutional neural networks. Here the experimental analysis has been carried out in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, SNR, RMSE. Proposed technique attained accuracy of 95%, precision of 81%, recall of 69%, F-1score of 73%, SNR of 59% and RMSE of 62%.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp