Psychological Characteristic Expressions of Different Human Beings as Shown in the Collection of Short Stories ‘Appa Vaasam’

The literary form of the short story is one of the most creative literary forms in today's literary world. The short story is the most appropriate literary form that is very easy to explore social issues. The short story format is optimal for recording thoughts like characteristics, behaviors, feelings, psychology, etc of an individual. In that aspect, Meenasunder's short story collection 'Appavasam' registers several community-based issues. In these community-oriented stories, much space is given to individual feelings. It gives prominence to individual sense and behavioral characteristics. It refers to individual psychological messages as well. In this way, the study sets out to record the traits and qualities of human beings that are manifested due to human mental perceptions in the collection of short stories ‘Appa Vaasam’ based on diverse research sites. On behalf of the Adithravidar Welfare Department of the Government of Tamil Nadu, under the Arts and Culture Division, the work was selected as the best work of the year 2010 and awarded the prize-winning work

Organometallic Materials: Ferroceno[\u3cem\u3ec\u3c/em\u3e]thiophenes and 1,2-Bisthienylmetallocenes

Development of synthetic routes toward two general organometallic frameworks was undertaken. The first project involved synthetic attempts of substituted and unsubstituted ferroceno[c]thiophene while the second one was the synthesis of 1,2-dithienylmetallocenes. The long-term goal of this work is to lay the foundations for study of electronic, electrochromic, redox, and optical properties of thiophene-based materials integrated with organometallic systems such as ferrocene, ruthenocene and cymantrene. The synthetic pathway for the target molecule in the first project involved converting 1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)ferrocene to 1,2-bis(thiouroniummethyl)ferrocene with thiourea under acidic conditions. Refluxing the salt in base followed by acidification resulted in 1,2-bis(mercaptomethyl)ferrocene, which is oxidized to the cyclic ferroceno[d]-1,2-dithiane. Ring contraction of cyclic dithiane gave the thioether, ferroceno[c]-2,5-dihydrothiophene. Periodate oxidation of the thioether gave ferroceno[c]-2,5-dihydrothiophene-S-oxide (1), a potential precursor for ferroceno[c]thiophene via Pummerer dehydration. Attempts to dehydrate 1 and to trap the resulting thiophene in situ indicated instability of the target compound. Synthesis of ferroceno[c]thiophene with electron-donating as well as electron-withdrawing substituents at the 2,5-positions of the thiophene ring was attempted. 1,2–Dithienylethenes and their derivatives have gained increased attention due to their exceptional photochromic property. They tend to be thermally irreversible but photochemically reversible, which is a vital for their potential use in optical memories, switches and other optoelectronic applications. Inspiration of the second project was that incorporation of 1,2-dithienyl systems into metallocenes would enhance the general properties of the molecule, including stability, fatigue resistance, solid-state reactivity and higher sensitivity. 1,2-Dithienylferrocene was successfully synthesized. The synthetic pathway for 1,2-dithienylferrocene involved the reaction of α-bromo-3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene (1) with ethyl 4-(2,5-dimethylthiophen-3-yl)-3-oxobutanoate (2) to give 2,3-diarylcyclopent-2-en-1-one (3). Compounds 1 and 2 were synthesized following literature methods. Compound 3 was then converted to its cyclopentadienide form by first reducing the ketone to alcohol using LAH, followed by dehydration and then deprotonation of the substituted cyclic diene using butyllithium to give 1,2-bis(2,5-dimethylthiophene)-2,4-cyclopentadien-1-yl)lithium (4). [Fe(fluorenyl)(Cp)] was then used as a transfer reagent and reacted with 4 to yield the target compound

THE HOUSEKEEPING DEPARTMENT OF JOGJAKARTA PLAZA HOTEL

Behind all efforts in increasing the income of tourism and hotel industry, the housekeeping department plays very important roles. The writer decided to participate in a job training program of a hotel to get more information about housekeeping department. The writer experienced a three-month job training as a housekeeping attendant. The writer had done the daily job of a public area attendant, laundry attendant, uniform and linen attendant, and room attendant in Jogjakarta Plaza Hotel. As the result of the job training, the writer got the information needed in making this report. From the job training experience, the writer concluded that housekeeping department of a hotel is very important. The department keeps the facilities of the hotel well maintained. Therefore, the hotel can maximize its services. The services of the hotel make the guests comfortable and give a good impression to the guests. Many guests of the hotel are “repeat visitors” which means that the guest had been in the hotel before and come to the hotel again on other occasions. The facts above make Jogjakarta Plaza Hotel become one of the best hotels in Yogyakarta

Ekstraksi Ciri Citra Batik Berdasarkan Tekstur Menggunakan Metode Gray Level Co Occurrence Matrix

Batik Pekalongan adalah salah satu kekayaan intelektual dan kebudayaan yang dimiliki oleh Indonesia yang harus dilestarikan dan dilindungi salah satunya dengan pendataan secara komputerisasi berupa pengenalan pola. Dalam pengenalan pola, ekstraksi ciri citra adalah proses mencari informasi citra digital untuk digunakan sebagai awal proses klasifikasi. Penelitian ini membuat sistem ekstraksi ciri citra batik yang kemudian digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan citra batik pekalongan agar dapat digunakan untuk proses pendataan citra batik. Pengumpulan data diambil melalui observasi, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Analisis dilakukan untuk menentukan kebutuhan yang berkaitan dengan fungsionalitas dan fasilitas aplikasi yang akan dirancang. Implementasi sistem pada proses ekstraksi ciri citra menggunakan Matlab 7.10.0.499 (R2010a). Pengujian dilakukan dengan memproses 4 sampel citra menggunakan metode GLCM (Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix) meliputi Contrast, Correlation, Energy dan Homogeneity kemudian diproses menggunakan metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk klasifikasinya. Pengujian dilakukan 1 sampel citra dibagi menjadi 4 bagian dan selanjutnya akan diuji sebanyak 4 kali dengan nilai sudut derajat yang berbeda (0o, 45o, 90o dan 135o). Hasil penelitian ini telah menghasil beberapa nilai parameter dari metode GLCM meliputi contrast, Energy dan Homogeneity. Diharapkan dari beberapa nilai parameter tersebut dapat digunakan untuk proses selanjutnya yaitu pengklasifikasian citra batik Pekalongan