The use of anodic linear sweep voltammetery analysis (ALSV) for characterization the copper anodes used for sulphur acidic waste solution treatment

This paper addresses on investigation the possibility of electrolytic treatment the sulphur acidic waste solution, obtained in the conventional electrolytic copper refining process. The copper anodes with non-standard nickel, lead, tin and antimony content were specially prepared for the refining process. Nickel content of all anodes was approximately 7.5 mass %, and the content of lead, tin and antimony was varied. Results, obtained using the standard electrochemical techniques, have indicated that the anodes could be used under the same conditions as well as in the conventional copper refining process

Analyzing the corrosion characteristics of anodes used for the sulphur acidic waste water treatment

This paper addresses on investigation the possibility of electrolytic treatment the sulphur acidic waste solution, obtained in the conventional electrolytic copper refining process. The copper anodes with non-standard nickel, lead, tin and antimony content were specially prepared for the refining process. Nickel content of all anodes was approximately 7.5 mass %, and the content of lead, tin and antimony was varied. It was observed, that anodes with O2 content lower than 200 ppm, were not passivated. Results, obtained using the standard electrochemical techniques, have indicated that the anodes with non-standard chemical composition could be used under the same conditions as well as in the conventional copper refining process

Models of regression of the scope of sown areas and purchase prices of oil crops in Serbia

This paper examines the interdependency between the movements of the level of market (purchase) prices and sowed areas under sunflower, soya, and oilseed rape, i.e. between the relative prices of these oil crops and predominant crop-husbandry products (wheat and/or corn), on the one hand, and the areas to be allocated for oil crops cultures. The models of the regression of the scope of sowed areas and purchase prices of oil crops, i.e. the interdependency of these phenomena, are determined by means of reliable statistical methods (the standard error of regression, the coefficient of the trend variation and the determination coefficient). At the same time, the testing of the series has been carried out by means of the mathematical models of functions, whereas the significance of the generated regression dependencies has been estimated by means of the t-test

SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF THE ENERGY RESOURCES OF SERBIA

Energetics has been and remained the key factor of economic changes and economic development to date. If the energy sector is stable, modern, and organized in a quality manner, it also implies welfare for the economy as a whole. Changes in the significance and use of energy in the economy require the professional management of energy development. Irrespective of modern technology and the key discoveries in energy transformation and concentration, it has not declined in significance. On the contrary, energy is the basis of the human activity. On the other hand, the present structure of the primary sources of energy at the global level cannot follow the trend of increasing demand for energy. The limited reserves of the non-renewable sources of energy, especially of crude oil, require our turning towards the renewable sources of energy. The energy crisis of today is not only an expression of the bad condition of natural sources, but a consequence of the global policy for the exploitation of the existing sources of energy. The current condition of energy resources is a consequence of a monopolistic policy for big business and the New World Order founded on it. According to the assessments of the International Energy Agency (IEA), a further increase in primary energy consumption is expected in the period to come. Because of that, it is necessary to strategically plan the development of the energy sector both from the general developmental, technological-economic, and social-ecological points of view. The fact that Serbia has a relatively high energy consumption growth rate, that it is poorer in primary energy reserves in comparison with the world average, refers us yet more to the rational use of the existing reserves of energy and also to the production of energy from renewable sources: solar, the energy of the wind, geothermal, biomass, the energy of the tide and the waves of seas and oceans, and so on. The paper addresses the issues in the field of the sustainable development of energetics, safety and energy efficiency, as well as a future development of energetics in Serbia based on the renewable sources of energy. The economic effects of the production of energy from renewable sources have also been analyzed

Regionalna obeležja tržišne proizvodnje šećerne repe i suncokreta u Srbiji

The paper analyzes the trends in the development of industrial crop production in the case of sugar beet and sunflower in Serbia from 1976 to 2013. Grouping of regions (4 regions without Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija) and districts (25 districts) in Serbia in 2013, according to the characteristics of land capacity, production of sugar beet and sunflower and level of development, was carried out by cluster analysis. Based on the median value of the important characteristics of available land capacity, production volume and economic development in municipalities, I-distance method were ranked districts in Serbia from 1 to 25. Similarities between the sugar beet and sunflower production regions in Serbia were determined by the method of complete-linkage clustering, and the results were presented in the dendrogram. According to data for 2013 it was found that 99.8% of sugar beet production and 93.9% of sunflower production in Serbia comes from the Vojvodina region. The average yields per hectare for analyzed crops in the areas of the Vojvodina region, on average, were by up to 10% higher compared to the yields in Serbia. According to the characteristics of land capacity and production, areas of the Vojvodina region belong to the highest rank 1-7, while according to the characteristics of the development level, these areas belong to rank 2-13.U radu su analizirane tendencije u razvoju proizvodnje industrijskog bilja, na primeru šećerne repe i suncokreta u Srbiji od 1976. do 2013. godine. Grupisanje regiona (4 regiona, bez KiM) i oblasti (25 oblasti) u Srbiji za 2013. godinu, prema obeležjima zemljišnih kapaciteta, proizvodnje šećerne repe i suncokreta i nivoa razvijenosti, izvršeno je primenom klaster analize. Na osnovu medijalne vrednosti važnijih obeležja raspoloživih zemljišnih kapaciteta, obima proizvodnje i privredne razvijenosti po opštinama, metodom I-odstojanja izvršeno je rangiranje oblasti u Srbiji od 1-25. Sličnosti oblasti proizvodnje šećerne repe i suncokreta u Srbiji predstavljene su metodom kompletnog povezivanja hijarhijske klaster analize, a rezultati su predstavljeni dendrogramom. Prema podacima za 2013. godinu, utvrđeno je da 99,8% proizvodnje šećerne repe i 93,9% proizvodnje suncokreta Srbije potiče iz Regiona Vojvidine. Prosečni prinosi po ha analiziranih biljnih kultura u oblastima Regiona Vojvodine u proseku su veći do 10% u odnosu na prinose u Srbiji. Prema obeležijima zemljišnih kapaciteta i proizvodnje, oblasti Regiona Vojvodine pripadaju najvišem rangu 1-7, dok prema obeležijima nivoa razvijenosti ove oblasti pripadaju rangu 2-13

Agrarni potencijali u reindustrijalizaciji Srbije - potrebe i mogućnosti revitalizacije industrije agrarnih inputa

After transitional debacles and failures, structural degradation and recession, reindustrialization is imposed as a crucial stage in the economic development of Serbia. The production-market potentials of the agro-complex (as a complex economic subsystem of pre-farm, farm and post-farm activities) and its place in the national economy open the significant possibilities of the revitalization of the industries of agrarian inputs (agricultural machines and equipment, mineral fertilizers and pesticides). Considering the structural significance of the pre-farm agrarian sector in the Serbian economy, this paper analyzes the fundamental features of production and the foreign-trade exchange, especially the dynamics and changes in the volume and structure of production and the import of agrarian inputs. On that basis, through a target comparative analysis of multi-year data series (1986-2011), the paper explores the trends of production and employment, identifies transitional distortions and the growing import dependence of the Serbian economy and the agro-complex in particular, considers the agrarian potentials in a possible reindustrialization primarily via the revitalization of the industry of agrarian inputs, and highlights a special phenomenon of the opportunity costs of the Serbian agrarian development.Nakon tranzicionih neuspeha i promašaja, strukturne degradacije i recesije, reindustrijalizacija se nameće kao nužna etapa u privrednom razvoju Srbije. Proizvodno- tržišni potencijali agrokompleksa (kao složenog privrednog subsistema predfarmskih, farmskih i postfarmskih delatnosti) i njegovo mesto u nacionalnoj ekonomiji, otvara značajne mogućnosti revitalizacije industrija agrarnih inputa (poljoprivrednih mašina i opreme, mineralnih đubriva i pesticida). Sagledavajući strukturni značajpredfarmskog agrarnog sektora u srpskoj ekonomiji, u radu se analiziraju osnovna obeležja proizvodnje i spoljnotrgovinske razmene, posebno dinamika ipromene obima i strukture proizvodnje i uvoza agrarnih inputa. Na toj osnovi se, ciljnom komparativnom analizom višegodišnjih serija podataka (1986-2011), u radu se istražuju trendovi proizvodnje i zaposlenosti, identifikuje uvozna zavisnost, sagledavaju agrarni potencijali u mogućoj reindustrijalizaciji i ukazuje na poseban fenomen oportunitetnih troškova agrarnog razvoja Srbije

Origin of rat β-globin haplotypes containing three and five genes

We have reported in rat three adult β-gene haplotypes containing either five or three genes. Detailed sequence analysis reveals that the leftmost gene is the major gene and that at the opposite end downstream lies the minor gene. All of the genes lying between them are minor-major hybrids indicating their origin by unequal crossing-over. In two haplotypes β-globin genes were found with an L1 element inserted directly into IVS2. The described results allow the formulation of a pathway of mutational events leading from the ancient two-β-gene rodent ancestor through a three-gene haplotype to five-gene haplotypes, one of which is postulated to have arisen in common laboratory strains since their capture in the wild.[https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/7/5/407/1061225

Elektrohemijsko taloženje i fazna struktura legura Ni-W

The induced deposition of W in the presence of iron-group metals has been known for a long time without a proper understanding of the mechanism of codeposition. Hints were made by several authors, concerning primarily a similar case of codeposition of Mo, which were not sufficiently substantiated by proper kinetic investigation as the research was oriented mainly toward practical aims. In the present investigation induced deposition of W with Ni was studied primarily from the point of view of the composition and phase structure of the resulting Ni-W alloy. The method of anodic linear sweep voltammetry was used to analyze deposits obtained at a rotating disc electrode, as it was proven to be a good tool for analysis of thin-layered deposits. The polarisation diagram was found to exhibit a sharp current maximum and a subsequent decay at potentials at which Ni deposition starts. As some W oxide is found to deposit at less negative potential the sharp rise of current and the maximum are ascribed to catalytic effect of the oxide for hydrogen evolution, larger than that of depositing Ni-W alloy. The deposit was found to exhibit two peaks upon anodic dissolution, both at significantly more positive potentials than that of Ni dissolution. The first peak is of limited quantity of electricity independent of the amount of the deposit, the increase of the latter being reflected in the second peak only. An aging effect was found rendering an alloy requiring much more positive potentials for dissolution than those for dissolution of freshly deposited alloys.Taloženje volframa u prisustvu metala grupe gvožđa, indukovano taloženje, je fenomemen koji je odavno poznat. Međutim, mehanizam kodepozicije nije razjašnjen. Dosadašnja istraživanja indukovanog taloženja ( i to najčešće molibdena ) prvenstveno su bila usmerena ka primeni u praksi, a nedovoljno praćena odgovarajućim kinetičkim ispitivanjima. U ovom radu ispitivano je indukovano taloženje W sa Ni prvenstveno sa stanovišta sastava i fazne strukture dobijenih Ni-W legura. Metoda anodne linearne promene potencijala (ALSV) upotrebljena je za analizu prevlaka dobijenih na rotirajućoj disk elektrodi. Na katodnim polarizacionim dijagramima taloženja nađen je oštar strujni maksimum na potencijalu koji odgovara početku taloženja Ni. Pad struje se može pripisati sporijem izdvajanju vodonika na leguri Ni-W, nego na oksidu volframa koji je se dobija pri manje negativnim potencijalima. Na anodnim voltamogamima rastvaranja javljaju se dva karakteristična strujna vrha, oba na potencijalima znatno pozitivnijim od onih koji odgovaraju rastvaranju čistog Ni. Količina naelektrisanja koja odgovara prvom strujnom vrhu je ograničena odnosno, povećanje količine naelektrisanja pri taloženju odražava se u odgovarajućem porastu naelektrisanja drugog anodnog strujnog vrha. Nađeno je da se legure, koje su stajale na sobnoj temperaturi u toku nekoliko časova posle taloženja, rastvaraju na znatno pozitivnijim potencijalim od onih koje su ispitivane neposredno posle taloženja, što ukazuje na stabilizaciju procesom u čvrsoj fazi