Chemically Induced Cryptic Sesquiterpenoids and Expression of Sesquiterpene Cyclases in Botrytis cinerea Revealed New Sporogenic (+)-4-Epieremophil-9-en-11-ols

The sequencing of the genomes of the B05.10 and T4 strains of the fungus Botrytis cinerea revealed an abundance of novel biosynthetic gene clusters, the majority of which were unexpected on the basis of the previous analyses of the fermentation of these and closely related species. By systematic alteration of easy accessible cultivation parameters, using chemical induction with copper sulfate, we have found a cryptic sesquiterpenoid family with new structures related to eremophil-9-ene, which had the basic structure of the sesquiterpene (+)-5-epiaristolochene ((+)-4-epieremophil-9- ene). An expression study of the sesquiterpene cyclase genes present in the Botrytis cinerea genome, under culture conditions, is reported. In general, a 3 day delay and a higher BcSTC genes expression were observed when copper (5 ppm) was fed to the fermentation broth. In addition, to the observed effect on the BcBOT2 (BcSTC1) gene, involved in the biosynthesis of the botrydial toxin, a higher expression level for BcSTC3 and BcSTC4 was observed with respect to the control in the strain B05.10. Interestingly, under copper conditions, the BcSTC4 gene was the most expressed gene in the Botrytis cinerea UCA992 strain. In vitro evaluation of the biological role of these metabolites indicates that they contributed to the conidial development in B. cinerea and appear to be involved in self-regulation of the production of asexual spores. Furthermore, they promoted the formation of complex appressoria or infection cushions

Cryotherapy for Primary Treatment of Prostate Cancer: Intermediate Term Results of a Prospective Study from a Single Institution

Purpose. Published data about cryotherapy for prostate cancer (PC) treatment are based on case series with a lack of clinical trials and the inexistence of a validated definition of biochemical failure. A prospective study with standardized followup protocol was conducted in our institution. Material and Methods. Prospective study of a series of cases including 108 patients diagnosed with localized PC at clinical stage T1c-T2c treated by primary cryoablation and median followup of 61 months. Criteria of biochemical recurrence were unified according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO). End points were biochemical progression-free survival (BPFS), cancer-specific survival, and overall survival. Rate of complications was reported. Results. The BPFS for low-, medium-, and high-risk patients was 96.4%, 91.2%, and 62.2%, respectively. Cancer-specific survival was 98.1%. Overall survival reached 94.4%. Complications included incontinence in 5.6%, urinary tract obstruction in 1.9%, urethral sloughing in 5.6%, haematuria in 1.9%, perineal pain in 11.1%, and prostatorectal fistula in 0.9%. Erectile disfunction was found in 98.1%. Conclusions. Cryotherapy is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for primary PC in well-selected cases, with low surgical risk and good results in terms of BPFS, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival

Trazas de belleza en los paisajes sonoros de Barcelona y Ciudad de México. Aportación a las nuevas identidades y voces de la ciudad mediante las experiencias académicas en Arquitectura BCN de la UPC, Master de Arte Sonoro de la UB, Arquitectura de la UAM - Azcapotzalco (México) y Arquitectura, Arte y Comuniación del Campus de Santa fe de Monterrey

This research is developed by professors and students of Architecture and Art, and shows that in the cities there are soundscapes that must be considered not only quiet places, but also beautiful according to the aesthetic traces that their hearing provokes in the audience. For this purpose, various spaces have been studied in Mexico City at the Noise and Soundscape in the City Seminar, and at the Space and Sound in the City Workshop, and in Barcelona for the courses of Acoustic Architecture and Soundscapes, taught at the ETSAB (UPC), as well as those of the Master in Sound Art of the UB. Esta investigación se desarrolla por profesores y alumnos de Arquitectura y Arte, y muestra que en las ciudades existen paisajes sonoros que deben considerarse no solamente lugares tranquilos, sino incluso Bellos a tenor de las trazas estéticas que su audición provoca en los asistentes. Para ello se han estudiado diversos espacios en la ciudad de México para el Seminario de Ruido y Paisaje sonoro en la Ciudad, y Taller de Espacio y Sonido en la Ciudad, y en Barcelona para las asignaturas de Arquitectura Acústica, y Paisajes Sonoros, impartidas en la la ETSAB (UPC), así como las del Master en Arte Sonoro de la UB.Postprint (published version

Trazas de belleza en los paisajes sonoros de Barcelona y Ciudad de México. Aportación a las nuevas identidades y voces de la ciudad mediante las experiencias académicas en Arquitectura BCN de la UPC, Master de Arte Sonoro de la UB, Arquitectura de la UAM - Azcapotzalco (México) y Arquitectura, Arte y Comuniación del Campus de Santa fe de Monterrey

This research is developed by professors and students of Architecture and Art, and shows that in the cities there are soundscapes that must be considered not only quiet places, but also beautiful according to the aesthetic traces that their hearing provokes in the audience. For this purpose, various spaces have been studied in Mexico City at the Noise and Soundscape in the City Seminar, and at the Space and Sound in the City Workshop, and in Barcelona for the courses of Acoustic Architecture and Soundscapes, taught at the ETSAB (UPC), as well as those of the Master in Sound Art of the UB. Esta investigación se desarrolla por profesores y alumnos de Arquitectura y Arte, y muestra que en las ciudades existen paisajes sonoros que deben considerarse no solamente lugares tranquilos, sino incluso Bellos a tenor de las trazas estéticas que su audición provoca en los asistentes. Para ello se han estudiado diversos espacios en la ciudad de México para el Seminario de Ruido y Paisaje sonoro en la Ciudad, y Taller de Espacio y Sonido en la Ciudad, y en Barcelona para las asignaturas de Arquitectura Acústica, y Paisajes Sonoros, impartidas en la la ETSAB (UPC), así como las del Master en Arte Sonoro de la UB