26 research outputs found
Extracellular methionine amino peptidase (MAP) production by Streptomyces gedanensis in solid-state fermentation
A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland
To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this study, we (1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), (2) publish this library, and (3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi) at https://laji.fi/en/theme/protax. Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.</p
Enhanced Optical Nonlinearity in Bi<sup>3+</sup>-Doped CePO<sub>4</sub> Nanostructures for Optical Limiting Applications
Pure and Bi3+-doped CePO4 were
synthesized
by the simple co-precipitation method. Successful dopant incorporation
into the host lattice of orthophosphate without altering the crystalline
structure was confirmed by structure analysis, X-ray diffraction,
and Raman characterization. Morphological investigation was done using
HR-SEM which portrays the co-existence of nanospheres and nanorods
in doped CePO4 and only nanospheres in pure CePO4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm the +3 oxidation
state of Ce3+ and Bi3+ with the presence of
a trace amount of Ce4+ in the as-prepared nanoparticles.
Vibration sample magnetometer studies show weak ferromagnetic behavior
of the nanostructures at room temperature. The absorption band in
the wavelength range 200–300 nm accounts for 4f–5d electronic
transition, and a red shift in the band edge is due to the increase
in the band gap with the addition of the dopant. Photoluminescence
emission spectra show broad blue-green emission owing to transition
of Ce3+ from the excited state to the ground state and
also due to oxygen vacancy. The nonlinear optical absorption and optical
limiting (OL) behaviors of Bi3+-doped cerium orthophosphate
(CePO4) were investigated using an open-aperture (OA) Z-scan
technique under an excitation source of 532 nm nanopulsed lasers.
The recorded OA transmittance curve reveals a transition from saturable
absorption to reverse saturable absorption in pure CePO4 at 2.46 GW/m2, whereas all the doped samples exhibit
RSA attributed to 2PA. The increase in the nonlinear absorption (NLA)
coefficient with on-axis intensity and the availability of the near
resonant energy state due to the Bi3+ dopant ensure the
sequential 2PA (1PA + ESA) phenomenon. Compared to pure CePO4, doped nanostructures show improved NLA coefficients due to the
availability of the defect state and oxygen vacancies in Bi3+-doped CePO4. Interestingly, a lower OL threshold (OLT)
of 0.14 × 10–13 W/m2 is observed
in 0.3% Bi3+-doped CePO4. The lower OLT value
of Bi3+-doped CePO4 ensures its potential candidature
for OL applications in protecting optical sensors and human eyes