451 research outputs found
Wealth Disparities for Early Childhood Anthropometrics and Skills: Evidence from Chilean Longitudinal Data
We study wealth disparities in the formation of anthropometrics, cognitive skills and socio-emotional skills. We use a sample of preschool and early school children in Chile. We extend the previous literature by using longitudinal data, which allow us to study the dynamics of child growth and skills formation. Also, we include information on mother\u27s and father\u27s schooling attainment and mother\u27s cognitive ability. We find that there are no significant anthropometric differences favoring the better-off at birth (and indeed length differences at birth to the disadvantage of the better-off), but during the first 30 months of life wealth disparities in height-for-age z scores (HAZ) favoring the better-off emerge. Moreover, we find wealth disparities in cognitive skills favoring the better-off emerge early in life and continue after children turn 6 years of age. We find no concurrent wealth disparities for and socio-emotional skills. Thus, even though the wealth disparities in birth outcomes if anything favor the poor, significant disparities favoring the rich emerge in the early post-natal period. Mother\u27s education and cognitive ability also are significantly associated with disparities in skill formation
A bridge between the single-photon and squeezed-vacuum state
The two modes of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen quadrature entangled state
generated by parametric down-conversion interfere on a beam splitter of
variable splitting ratio. Detection of a photon in one of the beam splitter
output channels heralds preparation of a signal state in the other, which is
characterized using homodyne tomography. By controlling the beam splitting
ratio, the signal state can be chosen anywhere between the single-photon and
squeezed state
Characterization of immune response to neurofilament light in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
PMCID: PMC3856490This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.PMCID: PMC385649
Depression, Anxiety and Somatic Complaints in Colombian Children Living in Rural Communities
DepresiĂłn, ansiedad y sĂntomas somáticos en niños que viven en comunidades rurales colombianasAbstractIntroduction: In Colombia, children are frequently exposed to traumatic events; however, there are no data regarding the impact on depression, anxiety and somatic correlates of such exposure in children living in rural communities. Objective: To investigate the somatic complaints and symptoms of depression and anxiety among children exposed to traumatic events in a rural community of Colombia. Methods: Design: Cross-Sectional study. Participants: Two hundred and ninety-three Colombian children aged eight to 18 years. Main Outcome Measures: Standardized measures were administered to assess children’s depression, anxiety, physical symptoms and exposure to traumatic events. Depression: CDI (Children’s Depression Inventory); anxiety: SCARED (The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders); somatic complaints: CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Somatic Complaints scale) and reporting traumatic events during the K-SADS-PL (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents). Results: Ninety-one of the 293 children (31.1%) reported somatic complaints. The most common somatic complaint was in the gastrointestinal category (35/91). One hundred and seventy eight children (60.5%) had observed traumatic events, including homicides during the last month. Two hundred five (69.9%) of the children showed depressive symptom profiles above established norms, and 239 (81.6%) exhibited anxiety symptoms according to their own reports. The correlation between depression and traumatic events, anxiety and somatic complaints, and between anxiety and depression were statistically significant (p<0.005). Conclusions: As the first study of its kind in children living in rural communities in Colombia, it demonstrates a clear impact of traumatic events on mental health. Information that somatic complaints are commonly an expression of underlying depression and anxiety may facilitate the treatment and thereby help avoid unnecessary medical workups and sequelae from traumatized children. It is important for physicians to probe for “hidden” symptoms in traumatized children.Keywords: depression, somatization, traumatic events, anxietyResumenIntroducciĂłn: En Colombia, los niños están expuestos con frecuencia a eventos traumáticos, sin embargo, no hay datos sobre el impacto de la depresiĂłn, la ansiedad y la correlaciĂłn somática de dicha exposiciĂłn en niños que viven en comunidades rurales. Objetivo: investigar las alteraciones somáticas, sĂntomas de depresiĂłn y ansiedad en los niños expuestos a eventos traumáticos en una comunidad rural de Colombia. MetodologĂa: Diseño: Estudio transversal; Participantes: Doscientos noventa y tres niños colombianos de ocho a 18 años. Principales medidas de resultado: se aplicaron medidas estandarizadas para evaluar la depresiĂłn infantil, ansiedad, sĂntomas fĂsicos y la exposiciĂłn a eventos traumáticos. DepresiĂłn:CDI (Children’s Depression Inventory)). Ansiedad: SCARED (The Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders), Enfermedades somáticas: CBCL (Child Behavior Checklist, Somatic Complaints scale) e informar los eventos traumáticos durante el K -SADS -PL (Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents). Resultados: Noventa y uno de los 293 niños ( 31,1 % ) informaron de sĂntomas somáticos. La queja somática más comĂşn estuvo en la categorĂa gastrointestinal (35/ 91). Ciento setenta y ocho niños ( 60,5 % ) habĂan observado los acontecimientos traumáticos, incluyendo homicidios durante el Ăşltimo mes. Doscientos cinco ( 69,9 % ) de los niños mostraron perfiles de sĂntomas depresivos por encima de las normas establecidas, y 239 ( 81,6 % ) presentaban sĂntomas de ansiedad segĂşn sus propios informes. La correlaciĂłn entre la depresiĂłn y los eventos traumáticos, la ansiedad y quejas somáticas, y entre la ansiedad y la depresiĂłn fueron estadĂsticamente significativas ( p < 0,005 ). Conclusiones: como el primer estudio de su tipo en los niños que viven en comunidades rurales de Colombia , demuestra un claro impacto de eventos traumáticos en la salud mental. La afirmaciĂłn que las quejas somáticas son comĂşnmente una expresiĂłn de la depresiĂłn y la ansiedad subyacente puede facilitar el tratamiento y de ese modo ayudar a evitar abordajes mĂ©dicos innecesarios y secuelas en los niños traumatizados . Es importante para los mĂ©dicos explorar los sĂntomas “ocultos” en los niños traumatizados.Palabras Clave: depresiĂłn, somatizaciĂłn, evento traumático, ansieda
Linear optics and quantum maps
We present a theoretical analysis of the connection between classical
polarization optics and quantum mechanics of two-level systems. First, we
review the matrix formalism of classical polarization optics from a quantum
information perspective. In this manner the passage from the
Stokes-Jones-Mueller description of classical optical processes to the
representation of one- and two-qubit quantum operations, becomes
straightforward. Second, as a practical application of our
classical-\emph{vs}-quantum formalism, we show how two-qubit maximally
entangled mixed states (MEMS), can be generated by using polarization and
spatial modes of photons generated via spontaneous parametric down conversion.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
Classical search algorithm with resonances in cycles
In this work we use the wave equation to obtain a classical analog of the
quantum search algorithm and we verify that the essence of search algorithms
resides in the establishment of resonances between the initial and the serched
states. In particular we show that, within a set of vibration modes, it is
possible to excite the searched mode in a number of steps proportional to
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