Does Confidence Reporting from the Crowd Benefit Crowdsourcing Performance?

We explore the design of an effective crowdsourcing system for an $M$-ary classification task. Crowd workers complete simple binary microtasks whose results are aggregated to give the final classification decision. We consider the scenario where the workers have a reject option so that they are allowed to skip microtasks when they are unable to or choose not to respond to binary microtasks. Additionally, the workers report quantized confidence levels when they are able to submit definitive answers. We present an aggregation approach using a weighted majority voting rule, where each worker's response is assigned an optimized weight to maximize crowd's classification performance. We obtain a couterintuitive result that the classification performance does not benefit from workers reporting quantized confidence. Therefore, the crowdsourcing system designer should employ the reject option without requiring confidence reporting.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, SocialSens 2017. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1602.0057

A Survey on Entry Restriction System for the Fake Server Scheme

Phishing is an endeavor by an individual or a gathering to steal individual secret data, for example, passwords, MasterCard data and so forth from clueless casualties for wholesale fraud, monetary profit and other deceitful exercises. Visual cryptography is an exceptional kind of mystery sharing. In this paper we have proposed another approach for phishing sites characterization to tackle the issue of phishing. Phishing sites include an assortment of signals inside its substance parts and also the program based security pointers gave along the site. The utilization of pictures is investigated to save the security of picture captcha by deteriorating the first picture captcha into two shares that are put away in particular database servers with the end goal that the first picture captcha can be uncovered just when both are at the same time accessible; the individual sheet pictures don't uncover the personality of the first picture captcha. Once the first picture captcha is uncovered to the client it can be utilized as the secret word. A few arrangements have been proposed to handle phishing. By the by, there is no single enchantment shot that can illuminate this risk fundamentally. In this review, the creators shed light on the essential components that recognize phishing sites from genuine ones and survey how great govern based information mining grouping procedures are in anticipating phishing sites and which characterization system is ended up being more dependable

ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOBIOCONJUGATES SYNTHESISED FROM PIPER BETLE LEAVES EXTRACT AND ITS ACTIVE COMPOUND EUGENOL

Objective: Our present study deals with the anticancer property of silver nano bio conjugates synthesized from the methanolic extract of Piper betle leaves and the pure compound eugenol.Methods: The anticancer activity of the nano bio conjugates synthesized from the extract and pure compound, in comparison with their respective non-conjugated raw material, were studied using cancer cell lines. The anticancer activity was analyzed by cell viability and staining techniques. The cell viability was determined by the MTT assay and the apoptosis was evaluated by the AO/EtBr staining method, which was carried out in both the cancerous (oral carcinoma (KB) cell lines) and non-cancerous cells (primary cultured human buccal cells). The phase of cell death was assessed by the flow cytometry followed by the cytotoxicity assessment.Results: The results revealed that Piper betle leaves as well as their active phenolic compound eugenol exhibited strong anticancer activity in KB oral carcinoma cells. The anticancer effect of the extract was attributable to the component phenolics, eugenol respectively in betel leaves, as the phenolics also exhibited strong cytotoxicity in cancer cells. The anticancer activity increased by a marked magnitude when the extract/compound was administered as nano-bio conjugates. The significant observation was the differential effect evoked by the AgNPs, which was non-toxic to non-cancerous buccal cells while evoking a strong cytotoxicity in the cancer cells.Conclusion: The results proved that the phytoconstituents like phenols in the betel leaves play a major role in the reduction of nano bio conjugates. The anticancer properties of silver nano bio conjugates were higher in the conjugated nanoform than the non-conjugated form

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOBIOCONJUGATES FROM PIPER BETLE LEAVES AND ITS ANTICANCER ACTIVITY ON A549 CELLS

ABSTRACTObjective: This study focused on the anticancer effect of silver nanobioconjugates synthesis from betel leaf extract and its major component eugenol(EU) and its non-conjugated form.Methods: The silver nanobioconjugates were synthesized from betel leaf extract and its active compound EU under sunlight exposure. The anticanceractivity of nanobioconjugates was tested and reported in lung adenocarcinoma (A549 cell line). The non-toxicity of the conjugates was further affirmedin human peripheral blood lymphocytes as non-cancerous cells. The anticancer activity was analyzed by cell viability (3(4,5-dimethly-thiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromideassay)and staining techniques(acridineorange/ethidiumbromide),whichwerecarried outin both the cancerousandnon-cancerouscells. The phase of cell death wasanalyzedbyflowcytometry.Results: The activity of nanobioconjugates was mediated by apoptosis as an evidence of low viability and nuclear fragmentation in lung cancer cellline. The cell cycle analysis also confirmed the efficiency of silver nanobioconjugates; the data reveal that the phenolic compound of betel leaves haspotent anticancer activity against the cancer cells in the form of nano, when compared with the non-conjugates.Conclusion: The study demonstrated the synthesized silver nanobioconjugates have potent anticancer activity than their non-nano form.Keywords: Betel leaves, Eugenol, Silver nanoparticles, Anticancer, A549 cells

Metaheuristics Techniques for Cluster Head Selection in WSN: A Survey

In recent years, Wireless sensor communication is growing expeditiously on the capability to gather information, communicate and transmit data effectively. Clustering is the main objective of improving the network lifespan in Wireless sensor network. It includes selecting the cluster head for each cluster in addition to grouping the nodes into clusters. The cluster head gathers data from the normal nodes in the cluster, and the gathered information is then transmitted to the base station. However, there are many reasons in effect opposing unsteady cluster head selection and dead nodes. The technique for selecting a cluster head takes into factors to consider including residual energy, neighbors’ nodes, and the distance between the base station to the regular nodes. In this study, we thoroughly investigated by number of methods of selecting a cluster head and constructing a cluster. Additionally, a quick performance assessment of the techniques' performance is given together with the methods' criteria, advantages, and future directions

Neuroadaptations in the Cellular and Postsynaptic Group 1 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor mGluR5 and Homer Proteins Following Extinction of Cocaine Self-administration

This study examined the role of group1 metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR5 and associated postsynaptic scaffolding protein Homer1b/c in behavioral plasticity after three withdrawal treatments from cocaine self-administration. Rats self-administered cocaine or saline for 14 days followed by a withdrawal period during which rats underwent extinction training, remained in their home cages, orwere placed in the self-administration chambers in the absence of extinction. Subsequently, the tissue level and distribution of proteins in the synaptosomal fraction associated with the postsynaptic densitywere examined. Cocaine self-administration followed by home cage exposure reduced the mGluR5 protein in nucleus accumbens (NA) shell and dorsolateral striatum. While extinction training reduced mGluR5 protein in NAshell, NAcore and dorsolateral striatum did not display any change. The scaffolding protein PSD95 increased in NAcore of the extinguished animals. Extinction of drug seeking was associated with a significant decrease in the synaptosomal mGluR5 protein in NAshell and an increase in dorsolateral striatum, while that of NAcore was not modified. Interestingly, both Homer1b/c and PSD95 scaffolding proteins were decreased in the synaptosomal fraction after extinction training in NAshell but not NAcore. Extinguished drug-seeking behavior was also associated with an increase in the synaptosomal actin proteins in dorsolateral striatum. Therefore, extinction of cocaine seeking is associated with neuroadaptations in mGluR5 expression and distribution that are region-specific and consist of extinction-induced reversal of cocaine-induced adaptations aswell as emergent extinction-induced alterations. Concurrent plasticity in the scaffolding proteins further suggests that mGluR5 receptor neuroadaptations may have implications for synaptic function

Glutamatergic Plasticity in Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Ventral Tegmental Area Following Extended-Access Cocaine Self-Administration

Glutamate signaling in prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area plays an important role in the molecular and behavioral plasticity associated with addiction to drugs of abuse. The current study investigated the expression and postsynaptic density redistribution of glutamate receptors and synaptic scaffolding proteins in dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area after cocaine self-administration. After 14 days of extended-access (6 h/day) cocaine self-administration, rats were exposed to one of three withdrawal regimen for 10 days. Animals either stayed in home cages (Home), returned to self-administration boxes with the levers withdrawn (Box), or underwent extinction training (Extinction). Extinction training was associated with significant glutamatergic plasticity. In dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of the Extinction group, there was an increase in postsynaptic density GluR1, PSD95, and actin proteins; while postsynaptic density mGluR5 protein decreased and there was no change in NMDAR1, Homer1b/c, or PICK1 proteins. These changes were not observed in ventromedial prefrontal cortex or ventral tegmental area. In ventral tegmental area, Extinction training reversed the decreased postsynaptic density NMDAR1 protein in the Home and Box withdrawal groups. These data suggest that extinction of drug seeking is associated with selective glutamatergic plasticity in prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area that include modulation of receptor trafficking to postsynaptic density

Microbial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) utilizing fruit waste as a substrate

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are polyesters of hydroxyalkanoates synthesized by various bacteria as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds and accumulated as granules in the cytoplasm of cells. PHA producing bacteria from soil were isolated, characterized and screened by Nile blue staining method. Screened organisms were subjected to  fermentation with glucose as carbon source and low-cost raw material like jambul seed (Syzygium cumini). The strain SPY-1 showed higher amount of PHA accumulation when compared to the other strains and was comparable with that of the reference strain Ralstonia eutropha. The extracted PHA granules were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the peak was in the regions of 1650.9, 1728-1288 and 1725-1277, correspond to the stretching of the C=O bond which was similar to the standard Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)

Pharmaceutical analytical study of Hingwadi Taila

Hingwadi Taila is a Ayurvedic herbo mineral compound which is used mainly in the management of Kashtartava and Arthavajana. Hingwadi Taila contain drugs like Hingu, Kasisa, Saindhava, Kumari, Shunti, Tejapatra, Trikshara, Samudraphena, Haridra, Daruharidra and Sarshapa Taila. These drugs are very potent individually and possess Vedhana Sthapaka property. Our Acharyas has led down many pharmaceutical procedures through which many Dravyas can be taken in combination for better action and for easy assimilation to body. This Taila has got many Teekshna and Kshara Dravyas in it. Hence before administering internally, it has to be analyzed for its Organoleptic properties, acid value, Iodine value, moisture content w/w and saponification value. All the parameters are found to be good and within the standard parameters