Hypervelocity impact induced mechanoluminescence of phosphors

Phosphors are materials doped with one or more impurities that give cold light emission when excited. When a high velocity projectile strikes the backside of a metal plate whose front side is coated with phosphor, then the light emission takes place from the phosphor. ZnS:Mn is an important phosphor which has many applications. It is observed that, when a projectile moving with a hypervelocity makes an impact on to the metal plate coated with ZnS:Mn phosphors, then  intense mechanoluminescence (ML )is produced.. The present paper reports the kinetics of ML induced by hypervelocity impact on ZnS:Mn phosphors ,whereby a good agreement is found between the experimental and theoretical results.&nbsp

EFFECTS OF STRATEGIC DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF BUFFALOES ON ECONOMICS OF THEIR MILK PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT A study was carried out to elucidate the effect of strategic dietary supplementation on the economics of milk production in lactating buffaloes. The body weight of the animals was recorded before and after the experiment. Body weight recorded before the start of experiment in different groups was 554.5 + 4.66, 540.16 + 5.62, 552.9 + 4.36 and 542.1 + 7.26 kg while, at the end of experiment it was 557.20 + 5.0, 545.24 + 4.1, 547.99 + 4.1 and 538.88 + 5.0 kg, respectively. Milk yield of the animals recorded in different groups during the experimental period was 7.48 + 0.65, 7.54 + 0.54, 7.23 + 0.54 and 7.18 + 0.65 kg, respectively. The quantity of feed reduction was 1.28 and 1.65 kg/ animal/day in Groups 3 and 4 as compared to control group of animals. The economics of milk production calculated in different groups was 12.27, 12.09, 11.25 and 10.86 Rs of feed/ kg of milk production by the animals

Awesome SOSS: transmission spectroscopy of WASP-96b with NIRISS/SOSS

This is the final version. Available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this recordData availability: All data used in this study is publicly available from the Barbara A. Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes: https://mast.stsci.edu/portal/Mashup/Clients/Mast/Portal.htmlThe future is now - after its long-awaited launch in 2021 December, JWST began science operations in 2022 July and is already revolutionizing exoplanet astronomy. The Early Release Observations (ERO) programme was designed to provide the first images and spectra from JWST, covering a multitude of science cases and using multiple modes of each on-board instrument. Here, we present transmission spectroscopy observations of the hot-Saturn WASP-96 b with the Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode of the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph, observed as part of the ERO programme. As the SOSS mode presents some unique data reduction challenges, we provide an in-depth walk-through of the major steps necessary for the reduction of SOSS data: including background subtraction, correction of 1/f noise, and treatment of the trace order overlap. We furthermore offer potential routes to correct for field star contamination, which can occur due to the SOSS mode's slitless nature. By comparing our extracted transmission spectrum with grids of atmosphere models, we find an atmosphere metallicity between 1× and 5× solar, and a solar carbon-to-oxygen ratio. Moreover, our models indicate that no grey cloud deck is required to fit WASP-96 b's transmission spectrum, but find evidence for a slope shortward of 0.9 μm, which could either be caused by enhanced Rayleigh scattering or the red wing of a pressure-broadened Na feature. Our work demonstrates the unique capabilities of the SOSS mode for exoplanet transmission spectroscopy and presents a step-by-step reduction guide for this new and exciting instrument

Forging volumetric methods

The last two decades have seen a “volumetric turn” within Anglophone social sciences and humanities scholarship. This turn is premised on the idea that space may be better understood in three-dimensional terms – with complex heights and depths – rather than as a series of two-dimensional areas or surfaces. While there is an increasingly diverse and rich set of scholarship accounting for voluminous complexities in the air, oceans, ice, mountains, and undergrounds, all too often this work foregrounds state and military-led approaches to volume. This has resulted in a limited methodological toolkit through which to explore voluminous complexities as they emerge and extend beyond military and state contexts. Often reliant on elite interviews, archives, and cartographies, there has been little critical discussion of both methodological practice and the “flatness” of research outputs articulating three-dimensional worlds. In this paper we address this by foregrounding the role of immersive and multisensory methodologies (sounding volumes, seeing-sensing drone volumes, and object volumes). To conclude, we offer avenues for further inquiry, including attending to shifting everyday voluminous experiences in the Anthropocene, and the need to diversify the communication of “volume” research

ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF LACTATING CROSSBRED CATTLE (Bos indicus)

ABSTRACT The present investigation has been carried out to determine the energy requirement of lactating crossbred cattle (50% Holstein Friesian X 50% Sahiwal) fed 0, 50 and 100 levels of di-ammonium phosphate in the mineral mixture of concentrates. Eighteen lactating crossbred cattle of nearly the same body weight (375.39 ± 23.43 kg), milk yield, parity and stage of lactation were divided into three groups of six animals in each. The chaffed mixed roughage (Berseem + Wheat straw) as well as fresh clean water was available ad libitum. A metabolic trial of seven days was conducted at the end of the experiment. The energy requirements of lactating crossbred cattle were estimated by partitioning the ME or TDN intake for maintenance and milk production by using multiple regression method. It was concluded that the daily maintenance requirement of energy for lactating crossbred was 29.63 g TDN and 107.15 Kcal ME/W 0.75 kg and for per kg 4% FCM, energy requirement was 436 g TDN and 1082 Kcal ME. From the partitioning of energy, it appeared that about 44.55% TDN was utilized for maintenance of body and 55.45% diverted for milk production. Similarly 44.40% of ME was utilized for maintenance and 55.6% for milk production

A comparative study to evaluate the effect of honey dressing and silver sulfadiazene dressing on wound healing in burn patients

To compare the effect of honey dressing and silver-sulfadiazene (SSD) dressing on wound healing in burn patients. Patients (n=78) of both sexes, with age group between 10 and 50 years and with first and second degree of burn of less than 50% of TBSA (Total body surface area) were included in the study, over a period of 2 years (2006-08). After stabilization, patients were randomly attributed into two groups: ‘honey group’ and ‘SSD group’. Time elapsed since burn was recorded. After washing with normal saline, undiluted pure honey was applied over the wounds of patients in the honey group (n=37) and SSD cream over the wounds of patients in SSD group (n=41), everyday. Wound was dressed with sterile gauze, cotton pads and bandaged. Status of the wound was assessed every third and seventh day and on the day of completion of study. Patients were followed up every fortnight till epithelialization. The bacteriological examination of the wound was done every seventh day. The mean age for case (honey group) and control (SSD group) was 34.5 years and 28.5 years, respectively. Wound swab culture was positive in 29 out of 36 patients who came within 8 hours of burn and in all patients who came after 24 hours. The average duration of healing in patients treated with honey and SSD dressing at any time of admission was 18.16 and 32.68 days, respectively. Wound of all those patients (100%) who reported within 1 hour became sterile with honey dressing in less than 7 days while none with SSD. All of the wounds became sterile in less than 21 days with honey, while tthis was so in only 36.5% with SSD treated wounds. The honey group included 33 patients reported within 24 hour of injury, and 26 out of them had complete outcome at 2 months of follow-up, while numbers for the SSD group were 32 and 12. Complete outcome for any admission point of time after 2 months was noted in 81% and 37% of patients in the honey group and the SSD group. Honey dressing improves wound healing, makes the wound sterile in lesser time, has a better outcome in terms of prevention of hypertrophic scarring and post-burn contractures, and decreases the need of debridement irrespective of time of admission, when compared to SSD dressing

Effect of dietary iodine on production of iodine enriched eggs

Aim: Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of iodine supplementation on iodine content of eggs in laying hens. Materials and Methods: In the experiment, 135 laying hens (White Leghorn) of 55 weeks age were randomly distributed to 5 dietary treatments; each group contained 27 laying hens distributed in three replicates of 9 birds each. Diet T1 was control basal layer diet without iodine enrichment in which iodine content (I2) was as per NRC recommendation. Basal diets were supplemented with calcium iodate (Ca (IO3)2) at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg in T2, T3, T4 and T5 groups, respectively. The iodine content in the calcium iodate is 65.21%, therefore, the diets T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained 3.25, 6.50, 9.75 and 13.0 ppm iodine, respectively. The laying hens were fed the respective experimental diets ad libitum during the experimental period of 10-week. The iodine content of egg yolk and albumen was analyzed at the end of 5th and 10th week of the experiment. Economics of feeding for the production of iodine enriched egg was calculated at the end of the experiment. Results: Increasing iodine levels in diet of hens from 0.45 to 13.0 ppm significantly increased egg iodine concentration, the highest concentration of egg iodine was observed in the group fed diet supplemented with 13.0 ppm iodine followed by those fed 9.75, 6.50, 3.25 and 0.45 ppm iodine in diet. There was no significant difference in the iodine levels of unboiled versus boiled eggs. Therefore, the consumers are ensured to receive the optimal levels of iodine from boiled iodine-enriched eggs. Among different diets, minimum and significantly lower feeding cost (Rs. per dozen or per kg eggs) was noticed in hens allotted T3 diet (6.50 ppm I2). However, feeding cost of hens receiving 3.25 and 9.25 ppm I2 was statistically (p<0.05) similar to control group (T1). Further, it was noticed that feeding cost (Rs. per dozen or per kg eggs) was significantly increased due to the inclusion of higher level of iodine (13.0 ppm). Conclusion: It was concluded that supplementing iodine at 6.50 ppm in layers diet was economically better for the production of iodine enriched eggs followed by feed iodine supplementation at 3.25 ppm as compared to control and other treatment groups