Corporate Stock Repurchases under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

I. Introduction II. Rule 10b-5 and the Requirement of Adequate Disclosure—Protection for the Selling Shareholders … A. The Duty of Disclosure … B. Material Information … 1. Unreliable Information … 2. Imputed Knowledge … 3. Identity of the Purchaser … 4. Purpose of the Repurchase … C. Private Right of Action III. Rule 10b-5 and the Prevention of Fraudulent Management—Protection for the Corporation and Continuing Shareholders … A. The Problem … B. Relief under Federal Securities Laws … 1. The Development of Federal Case Law … 2. Potential Expansion of Protection IV. Sections 9 & 10 of the 1934 Act and the Prevention of Market Manipulation—Protection for Outside Investors … A. The Economic Effect of Repurchase … B. Section 9(a)(2) … C. Rule 10b-6 … 1. Terminology of Rule 10b-6 … a. Distribution … b. Issuer … 2. Rule 10b-6 Exceptions V. Section 16(b) and Insider Trading—Further Protection for the Corporation and Its Shareholders VI. The Regulation of Tender Offers—The Impact of the Williams Act … A. Tender Offer as a Means of Repurchase … B. The Williams Bill … 1. Section 14(d) … 2. Section 14(e) VII. Section 13(e) and the Future of Corporate Stock Repurchases under the Exchange Act … A. Observations about Section 13(e) … B. SEC Action under Section 13(e) … A. Rule 13e-1 … 2. Proposed Rule 13e-

Bridging the Gap: Using the Body as a Conduit within Dance/Movement Therapy to Enhance Holistic and Integrative Development in Early Childhood

This paper presents development and learning in early childhood as a fully integrated and embodied experience, which is available for use in dance/movement therapy to help pre-school aged children bridge the gap between non-verbal expression and verbal communication. Cognitive, emotional, and social aspects of intelligence begin to accumulate in infancy by physically interacting with the environment. These interactions are enacted and refined through developmental patterns of movement and expression that have been laid out in the frameworks of the Kestenberg Movement Profile, Body-Mind Centering, Laban Movement Analysis, and Bartenieff Fundamentals. The wealth of knowledge, which is accumulated through bodily sensations and interactions with the environment and is initially non-verbal, becomes the foundation for communication with self and others. The gap to be bridged pertains to the transition from the non-verbal and embodied means of growth, learning, and communication of the first three years of life to the verbal manner of expression and learning utilized in formal education. Dance/movement therapy is a modality that taps into embodied knowledge. It can help young children to cognitively understand their emotional experiences in social contexts through the exploration of their movement patterns and rhythms, which express needs to themselves and others non-verbally. Once a child understands, and can verbalize their embodied experience, dance/movement therapy then offers a chance to practice using their words to communicate these thoughts, feelings, and needs more effectively through verbal means

The ring imaging Cherenkov detector for the BRAHMS experiment at RHIC

A ring imaging Cherenkov counter, to be read out by four 100-channel PMTs, is a key element of the BRAHMS experiment. We report here the most recent results obtained tested at the BNL AGS using several radiator gases, including the heavy fluorocarbon C4F10. Ring radii were measured for different particles (pions, muons, and electrons) for momenta ranging from 2 to 12 GeV/c employing pure C4F10 as radiator.Comment: 3 pages 3 figure

Aerodynamic characteristics of two flat-bottomed bodies at Mach number of 3.12

The aerodynamic characteristics of two flat-bottomed bodies having a semicircular and a semielliptical cross section have been determined at a Mach number of 3.12 for a range of angles of attack from -10 degrees to 10 degrees and for Reynolds numbers of 8 x 10 (superscript)6 and 14 x 10 (superscript)6 (based on model length). A comparison of the flat-bottomed body characteristics with those previously determined for an equivalent cone-cylinder body of revolution shows that significant increases in lift and lift-drag ratio are obtained with a flat bottom. Additional improvement in lift and lift-drag ratio was achieved at positive angles of attack by expanding the plan form in the spanwise direction

Aerodynamics of Slender Bodies at Mach Number of 3.12 and Reynolds Numbers from 2 x 10(exp 6) to 15 x 10(exp 6) IV : Aerodynamic Characteristics of Series of Four Bodies Having Near-parabolic Noses and Cylindrical Afterbodies

Pressure distributions and forces for a series of four bodies of revolution having nose-fineness ratios varying from 4 to 10 have been obtained and compared with theory for a Mach number of 3.12, a Reynolds number range of 2x10(sup)6 to 14x10(sup)6, and angles of attack from zero to 9 degrees. In general, a comparison of the experimental data with a second-order theory showed good agreement for the range of variables investigated

Passive States for Essential Observers

The aim of this note is to present a unified approach to the results given in \cite{bb99} and \cite{bs04} which also covers examples of models not presented in these two papers (e.g. $d$-dimensional Minkowski space-time for $d\geq 3$). Assuming that a state is passive for an observer travelling along certain (essential) worldlines, we show that this state is invariant under the isometry group, is a KMS-state for the observer at a temperature uniquely determined by the structure constants of the Lie algebra involved and fulfills (a variant of) the Reeh-Schlieder property. Also the modular objects associated to such a state and the observable algebra of an observer are computed and a version of weak locality is examined.Comment: 27 page

Magnetic force microscopy of single crystal magnetite (Fe3O4)(abstract)

The micromagnetic domain structure of a magnetite (Fe3O4) single crystal has been studied using a magnetic force microscope (MFM). The MFM responds to the perpendicular component of the stray field above the magnetite surface. The sample was polished in the (011) plane. In this case, there are two easy magnetic axes parallel to the surface. Surface domains observed near cracks and edges have a complex closure structure (see Fig. 1), while walls seen far from such boundaries have a sinusoidal structure. Of particular interest is the presence of walls with either even or odd symmetry of the perpendicular stray field component across the transition. These can be conventionally modeled as Bloch or Neel walls, respectively. Both types of walls have been modeled and compared with the experimentally observed structures. We find the Bloch domain walls to be about 300 nm wide, nearly twice the value expected from bulk wall calculations. This distinction is consistent with a surface broadening of the domain wall due to magnetostatic effects.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/70207/2/JAPIAU-75-10-6892-1.pd

The Group Basis of Partisan Affective Polarization

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