324 research outputs found
Ten-dimensional wave packet simulations of methane scattering
We present results of wavepacket simulations of scattering of an oriented
methane molecule from a flat surface including all nine internal vibrations. At
a translational energy up to 96 kJ/mol we find that the scattering is almost
completely elastic. Vibrational excitations when the molecule hits the surface
and the corresponding deformation depend on generic features of the potential
energy surface. In particular, our simulation indicate that for methane to
dissociate the interaction of the molecule with the surface should lead to an
elongated equilibrium C--H bond length close to the surface.Comment: RevTeX 15 pages, 3 eps figures: This article may be found at
http://link.aip.org/link/?jcp/109/1966
Energy dissipation and scattering angle distribution analysis of the classical trajectory calculations of methane scattering from a Ni(111) surface
We present classical trajectory calculations of the rotational vibrational
scattering of a non-rigid methane molecule from a Ni(111) surface. Energy
dissipation and scattering angles have been studied as a function of the
translational kinetic energy, the incidence angle, the (rotational) nozzle
temperature, and the surface temperature. Scattering angles are somewhat
towards the surface for the incidence angles of 30, 45, and 60 degree at a
translational energy of 96 kJ/mol. Energy loss is primarily from the normal
component of the translational energy. It is transfered for somewhat more than
half to the surface and the rest is transfered mostly to rotational motion. The
spread in the change of translational energy has a basis in the spread of the
transfer to rotational energy, and can be enhanced by raising of the surface
temperature through the transfer process to the surface motion.Comment: 8 pages REVTeX, 5 figures (eps
Bond breaking in vibrationally excited methane on transition metal catalysts
The role of vibrational excitation of a single mode in the scattering of
methane is studied by wave packet simulations of oriented CH4 and CD4 molecules
from a flat surface. All nine internal vibrations are included. In the
translational energy range from 32 up to 128 kJ/mol we find that initial
vibrational excitations enhance the transfer of translational energy towards
vibrational energy and increase the accessibility of the entrance channel for
dissociation. Our simulations predict that initial vibrational excitations of
the asymmetrical stretch (nu_3) and especially the symmetrical stretch (nu_1)
modes will give the highest enhancement of the dissociation probability of
methane.Comment: 4 pages REVTeX, 2 figures (eps), to be published in Phys. Rev. B.
(See also arXiv:physics.chem-ph/0003031). Journal version at
http://publish.aps.org/abstract/PRB/v61/p1565
Generalized iterated wreath products of cyclic groups and rooted trees correspondence
Consider the generalized iterated wreath product where . We
prove that the irreducible representations for this class of groups are indexed
by a certain type of rooted trees. This provides a Bratteli diagram for the
generalized iterated wreath product, a simple recursion formula for the number
of irreducible representations, and a strategy to calculate the dimension of
each irreducible representation. We calculate explicitly fast Fourier
transforms (FFT) for this class of groups, giving literature's fastest FFT
upper bound estimate.Comment: 15 pages, to appear in Advances in the Mathematical Science
Energy distribution analysis of the wavepacket simulations of CH4 and CD4 scattering
The isotope effect in the scattering of methane is studied by wavepacket
simulations of oriented CH4 and CD4 molecules from a flat surface including all
nine internal vibrations. At a translational energy up to 96 kJ/mol we find
that the scattering is still predominantly elastic, but less so for CD4. Energy
distribution analysis of the kinetic energy per mode and the potential energy
surface terms, when the molecule hits the surface, are used in combination with
vibrational excitations and the corresponding deformation. They indicate that
the orientation with three bonds pointing towards the surface is mostly
responsible for the isotope effect in the methane dissociation.Comment: 20 pages LaTeX, 1 figure (eps), to be published in Surf. Sc
Generalized iterated wreath products of symmetric groups and generalized rooted trees correspondence
Consider the generalized iterated wreath product of symmetric groups. We give a complete description of the traversal
for the generalized iterated wreath product. We also prove an existence of a
bijection between the equivalence classes of ordinary irreducible
representations of the generalized iterated wreath product and orbits of labels
on certain rooted trees. We find a recursion for the number of these labels and
the degrees of irreducible representations of the generalized iterated wreath
product. Finally, we give rough upper bound estimates for fast Fourier
transforms.Comment: 18 pages, to appear in Advances in the Mathematical Sciences. arXiv
admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1409.060
Beyond abuse and neglect: Validation of the childhood interpersonal trauma inventory in a community sample of adults
Abstract
Introduction
Childhood trauma is not restricted to abuse or neglect and other potentially traumatic experiences need to be pondered in practice and research. The study aimed to collect validity evidence of a new measure of exposure to a broad range of potentially traumatic experiences, the Childhood Interpersonal Trauma Inventory (CITI), by evaluating whether the CITI provides important additional information compared to a gold standard measure of childhood trauma.
Methods
The sample consisted of 2,518 adults who completed the CITI and self-reported measures of trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ) and psychiatric symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; Dissociative Experiences Scale).
Results
First, the sensitivity to properly detect participants having been exposed to childhood maltreatment, as measured by the CTQ (here used as the gold standard), ranged between 64.81% and 88.71%, and the specificity ranged between 68.55% and 89.54%. Second, hierarchical regressions showed that the CITI predicted between 5.6 and 14.0% of the variance in psychiatric symptoms while the CTQ only captured a very small additional part of variance (0.3 to 0.7%). Finally, 25% (n = 407) of CTQ-negative participants screened positive at the CITI. The latter reported higher severity of psychiatric symptoms than participants without trauma, suggesting that the CITI permits the identification of adults exposed to significant traumas that remain undetected using other well-validated measures.
Discussion
The findings underscore the utility of the CITI for research purposes and the latter’s equivalence to a gold standard self-reported questionnaire to predict negative outcomes
A robotic wheelchair trainer: design overview and a feasibility study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Experiencing independent mobility is important for children with a severe movement disability, but learning to drive a powered wheelchair can be labor intensive, requiring hand-over-hand assistance from a skilled therapist.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To improve accessibility to training, we developed a robotic wheelchair trainer that steers itself along a course marked by a line on the floor using computer vision, haptically guiding the driver's hand in appropriate steering motions using a force feedback joystick, as the driver tries to catch a mobile robot in a game of "robot tag". This paper provides a detailed design description of the computer vision and control system. In addition, we present data from a pilot study in which we used the chair to teach children without motor impairment aged 4-9 (n = 22) to drive the wheelchair in a single training session, in order to verify that the wheelchair could enable learning by the non-impaired motor system, and to establish normative values of learning rates.</p> <p>Results and Discussion</p> <p>Training with haptic guidance from the robotic wheelchair trainer improved the steering ability of children without motor impairment significantly more than training without guidance. We also report the results of a case study with one 8-year-old child with a severe motor impairment due to cerebral palsy, who replicated the single-session training protocol that the non-disabled children participated in. This child also improved steering ability after training with guidance from the joystick by an amount even greater than the children without motor impairment.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The system not only provided a safe, fun context for automating driver's training, but also enhanced motor learning by the non-impaired motor system, presumably by demonstrating through intuitive movement and force of the joystick itself exemplary control to follow the course. The case study indicates that a child with a motor system impaired by CP can also gain a short-term benefit from driver's training with haptic guidance.</p
Development of a synoptic MRI report for primary rectal cancer
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important imaging modality for pre-operative staging and surgical planning of rectal cancer, to date there has been little investigation on the completeness and overall quality of MRI reports. This is important because optimal patient care depends on the quality of the MRI report and clear communication of these reports to treating physicians. Previous work has shown that the use of synoptic pathology reports improves the quality of pathology reports and communication between physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The aims of this project are to develop a synoptic MRI report for rectal cancer and determine the enablers and barriers toward the implementation of a synoptic MRI report for rectal cancer in the clinical setting. A three-step Delphi process with an expert panel will extract the key criteria for the MRI report to guide pre-operative chemoradiation and surgical planning following a review of the literature, and a synoptic template will be developed. Furthermore, standardized qualitative research methods will be used to conduct interviews with radiologists to determine the enablers and barriers to the implementation and sustainability of the synoptic MRI report in the clinic setting.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Synoptic MRI reports for rectal cancer are currently not used in North America and may improve the overall quality of MRI report and communication between physicians. This may, in turn, lead to improved patient care and outcomes for rectal cancer patients.</p
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