95 research outputs found
Risk-taking, delay discounting, and time perspective in adolescent gamblers: an experimental study
Previous research has demonstrated that adult pathological gamblers (compared to controls) show risk-proneness, foreshortened time horizon, and preference for immediate rewards. No study has ever examined the interplay of these factors in adolescent gambling. A total of 104 adolescents took part in the research. Two equal-number groups of adolescent non-problem and problem gamblers, defined using the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA), were administered the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), the Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC-14) Scale, and the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). Adolescent problem gamblers were found to be more risk-prone, more oriented to the present, and to discount delay rewards more steeply than adolescent non-problem gamblers. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that BART, MCQ, and CFC scores predicted gambling severity. These novel finding provides the first evidence of an association among problematic gambling, high risk-taking proneness, steep delay discounting, and foreshortened time horizon among adolescents. It may be that excessive gambling induces shortsighted behaviors that, in turn, facilitate gambling involvement
Heterogeneity in Disordered Gambling: Decision-Making and Impulsivity in Gamblers Grouped by Preferred Form
Background: Previous research has indicated that disordered gamblers display deficits in impulsivity and risky decision-making, compared to healthy control groups. However, disordered gamblers are not a homogenous group, and differences in performance on neurocognitive tasks may be related to the form of gambling in which an individual chooses to engage. The present study used neurocognitive tasks and questionnaire measures to ascertain group differences in gamblers grouped by preferred form of gambling.
Method: Treatment-seeking pathological gamblers from the National Problem Gambling Clinic, London (n=101) completed a neurocognitive assessment comprising the Cambridge Gamble Task (CGT), the Stop Signal Task (SST), a Probabilistic Reversal Learning task (PRL) and the Kirby Monetary Choice Questionnaire, as well as questionnaire measures of gambling severity, impulsivity, depression and anxiety. Analyses compared gamblers who favored Fixed Odds Betting Terminals (FOBTs) (the modal form) to gamblers who preferred other forms of gambling (non-FOBT).
Results: The FOBT group showed impaired decision-making under risk on the CGT compared to the non-FOBT group, choosing the likely option less on more uncertain decisions. The FOBT group made fewer perseverative errors on the PRL task, had lower depression and anxiety scores, and were less likely to have a family history of problem gambling than the non-FOBT group.
Discussion: Decision-making and cognitive flexibility differences between gamblers grouped by gambling type supports preferred form as an important source of heterogeneity in Gambling Disorder. Decision making strategies and risk attitudes should be considered when approaching cognition-focused treatment strategies, allowing interventions to be targeted at specific cognitive deficits
Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in pathological gamblers attending the UK National Problem Gambling Clinic: a preliminary report
Psychometric properties of the 7-item game addiction scale among french and German speaking adults
Transition from traditional to modern forest management shaped the spatial extent of cattle pasturing in Białowieża Primeval Forest in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS): Brazilian Portuguese translation, cultural adaptation and validation
Reward Preferences of Pathological Gamblers Under Conditions of Uncertainty: An Experimental Study
Picidae in the agricultural landscape of the eastern part of Zamosc Region
W 2017 roku oceniono liczebność i rozmieszczenie dzięciołów na powierzchni 339 km2
w krajobrazie rolniczym wschodniej Zamojszczyzny. Do wykrywania stanowisk ptaków w lasach
(15,6 km2 – zajmujących 5% powierzchni) i zadrzewieniach nieleśnych (10,4 km2 – zajmujących
3% powierzchni) wykorzystano metodę kartograficzną połączoną ze stymulacją głosową. Na te-
renie badań dominował dzięcioł duży Dendrocopos major stanowiący 72% (428 par) całkowitej
populacji dzięciołów. Większość terytoriów dzięcioła dużego (97,7%) odnotowano w lasach, gdzie
jego zagęszczenie wynosiło 19,3 p./100 ha lasów i 0,9 p./100 ha powierzchni badawczej. Wyłącz-
nie w lasach występował dzięcioł średni Dendrocoptes medius (55 par), dzięcioł czarny Dryocopus
martius (8 par) i dzięciołek Dryobates minor (14 par). Zagęszczenia tych gatunków wynosiły odpo-
wiednio 3,5, 0,5 i 0,9 p./100 ha lasów oraz 0,16, 0,02 i 0,04 p./100 ha powierzchni badawczej.
W przypadku dzięcioła białoszyjego Dendrocopos syriacus i krętogłowa Jynx torquilla stwierdzono
odpowiednio 92% (25 par) i 94% (18 par) terytoriów w zadrzewieniach nieleśnych. Gatunki te na
obszarze badań osiągały zagęszczenie odpowiednio 2,2 i 1,6 p./100 ha zadrzewień nieleśnych
oraz 0,07 i 0,05 p./100 ha powierzchni badawczej. Pomimo znacznego pofragmentowania i nie-
wielkiej powierzchni lasów, były one podstawowymi siedliskami dzięciołów, skupiającymi 89%
par. W krajobrazie rolniczym istotną rolę pełniły również zadrzewienia nieleśne (sady, parki, aleje
i grupy drzew, cmentarze, etc.), stanowiąc podstawowe siedlisko dla dzięcioła białoszyjego i krę-
togłowa
- …
