Objective evaluation of situation awareness for dynamic decision makers in teleoperations

Situation awareness, a current mental mode of the environment, is critical to the ability of operators to perform complex and dynamic tasks. This should be particularly true for teleoperators, who are separated from the situation they need to be aware of. The design of the man-machine interface must be guided by the goal of maintaining and enhancing situation awareness. The objective of this work has been to build a foundation upon which research in the area can proceed. A model of dynamic human decision making which is inclusive of situation awareness will be presented, along with a definition of situation awareness. A method for measuring situation awareness will also be presented as a tool for evaluating design concepts. The Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) is an objective measure of situation awareness originally developed for the fighter cockpit environment. The results of SAGAT validation efforts will be presented. Implications of this research for teleoperators and other operators of dynamic systems will be discussed

Soldier pile walls – 3D numerical analysis of soldier pile embedment

The paper is focused to a determination of spatial passive earth pressure (soil resistance) in the embedded part of the soldier pile. The analysis of 3D passive earth pressure is done numerically in software Plaxis 3D Tunnel v 2.2. The analysis of 3D passive earth pressure (soil resistance) is done for cantilever soldier pile walls in sand. The parameters for constitutive models were calibrated based on laboratory tests (triaxial – CD and oedometric tests). Hardening soil model is used in analysis. Outputs of the numerical analysis present a comparison for the resulting passive earth force in case of different b/d ratios and different angles of internal friction, parameter ωR which is used in approach by Weissenbach and finally the magnitude of 3D passive earth pressure coefficients (KP,3D) for different soldier pile distance (L), embedment depth (d) and angles of internal friction (ϕ´). Numerical analysis showed that the 3D passive earth pressure is higher than currently presented approach by Weissenbach. The other present theories don’t take to account the behaviour for higher slenderness ratio and influence adjacent soldier pile no way

Pengaruh Informasi Keuangan, Non Keuangan dan Ekonomi Makro terhadap Underpricing pada Perusahaan yang Melakukan Initial Public Offering (Ipo) Periode 2011 2013 di Bursa Efek Ondonesia

This study aims to examine the variables that influence of underpricing stock price when the companys initial public offering in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2011 - 2013 period. The dependent variable in this study is underpricing measured by value of initial returns, while the independent variable is the financial leverage, return on equity, proceeds underwriter reputation, auditor reputation, firm age, inflation, BI rate. The data used in this study is a secondary data that collected by using purposive sampling method. Sample of 45 companies from 77 populations companies doing IPOs from 2011 - 2013 in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study used multiple regression for data analysis. The results of this study showed that the variable underwriter reputation and auditor reputation negatively influence of underpricing is proven. Other variables such as financial leverage, return on equity, proceeds, firm age, inflation, and BI rate influence of underpricing is not proven. In this research model, shows the variable financial leverage, return on equity, proceeds, underwriter reputation, auditor reputation, firm age, inflation, and BI rate can only explain the variation of underpricing of 32.4 %.Keywords: Financial Information, Non Financial, Macro Economy, and Under-pricing

Constructing habitus: promoting an international arts trend at the Singapore Arts Festival

The Singapore Arts Festival (SAF) is Singapore’s largest government-supported international arts festival. SAF presents the best in international and local arts, in an attempt, to develop what it perceives to be a lack of cultural knowledge of the Singaporean arts-going public. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s key concept of ‘habitus’ together with an analysis of the programming of the festival, this paper will highlight how the festival seeks to create a specific cultural taste in Singaporean art-goers through privileging and promoting works that are internationally marketable to European countries. The paper will conclude that this programming style occurs at the expense of Singaporean artists and hinders the development of the city’s state cultural and artistic development

Transcriptome Profiling of Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelial Cell Response to Treatment with Monensin

Central to the progression of cerebral toxoplasmosis is the interaction of Toxoplasma gondii with the blood-brain barrier (BBB) endothelial cells. In the present work, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Wnt pathway signalling by the monovalent ionophore monensin reduces the growth of T. gondii infecting human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hBMECs) or microglial cells. The anti-parasitic effect of monensin (a Wnt signalling inhibitor) on the in vitro growth of T. gondii tachyzoites was investigated using two methods (Sulforhodamine B staining and microscopic parasite counting). The monensin inhibited T. gondii growth (50% inhibitory concentration [IC 50 ] = 0.61 µM) with a selective index = 8.48 when tested against hBMECs (50% cytotoxic concentration [CC 50 ] = 5.17 µM). However, IC 50 of monensin was 4.13 µM with a SI = 13.82 when tested against microglia cells (CC 50 = 57.08 µM), suggesting less sensitivity of microglia cells to monensin treatment. The effect of T. gondii on the integrity of the BBB was assessed by the transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay using an in vitro human BBB model. The results showed that T. gondii infection significantly decreased hBMECs' TEER resistance, which was rescued when cells were treated with 0.1 µM monensin, probably due to the anti-parasitic activity of monensin. We also investigated the host-targeted effects of 0.1 µM monensin on global gene expression in hBMECs with or without T. gondii infection. Treatment of hBMECs with monensin did not significantly influence the expression of genes involved in the Wnt signalling pathway, suggesting that although inhibition of the Wnt signalling pathway did not play a significant role in T. gondii infection of hBMECs, monensin was still effective in limiting the growth of T. gondii. On the contrary, monensin treatment downregulated pathways related to steroids, cholesterol and protein biosynthesis and their transport between endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and deregulated pathways related to cell cycle and DNA synthesis and repair mechanisms. These results provide new insight into the host-modulatory effect of monensin during T. gondii infection, which merits further investigation

Situation Awareness Information Requirements For Commercial Airline Pilots

Situation awareness is presented as a fundamental requirement for good airmanship, forming the basis for pilot decision making and performance. To develop a better understanding of the role of situation awareness in flying, an analysis was performed to determine the specific situation awareness information requirements for commercial aircraft pilots. This was conducted as a goal-directed task analysis in which pilots' major goals, subgoals, decisions and associated situation awareness information requirements were delineated based on elicitation from experienced commercial airline pilots. A determination of the major situation awareness information requirements for visual and instrument flight was developed from this analysis, providing a foundation for future system development which seeks to enhance pilot situation awareness and provide a basis for the development of situation awareness measures for commercial flight

Increased sleep need and daytime sleepiness 6 months after traumatic brain injury: a prospective controlled clinical trial

In a controlled, prospective, electrophysiological study, Imbach et al. demonstrate increased sleep need and excessive daytime sleepiness 6 months after traumatic brain injury. Sleep is more consolidated after brain trauma, and an increase in sleep need is associated with intracranial haemorrhage. Trauma patients underestimate their increased sleep need and sleepines

The Next Generation of Human-Drone Partnerships: Co-Designing an Emergency Response System

The use of semi-autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) to support emergency response scenarios, such as fire surveillance and search and rescue, offers the potential for huge societal benefits. However, designing an effective solution in this complex domain represents a "wicked design" problem, requiring a careful balance between trade-offs associated with drone autonomy versus human control, mission functionality versus safety, and the diverse needs of different stakeholders. This paper focuses on designing for situational awareness (SA) using a scenario-driven, participatory design process. We developed SA cards describing six common design-problems, known as SA demons, and three new demons of importance to our domain. We then used these SA cards to equip domain experts with SA knowledge so that they could more fully engage in the design process. We designed a potentially reusable solution for achieving SA in multi-stakeholder, multi-UAV, emergency response applications.Comment: 10 Pages, 5 Figures, 2 Tables. This article is publishing in CHI202