Analysis of Psychiatric Problems in Burns

INTRODUCTION: A burn injury implies damage to or destruction of living tissue, in the overwhelming majority of cases the skin, by thermal, chemical, electrical radiation energy or combination thereof. When the skin is seriously damaged, the properties of that tissue are lost, the barrier functions destroyed and the internal milieu is exposed to and affected by threatening surroundings. A severe burn injury, where larger areas of the skin are destroyed, is a life threatening state, and the consequences include fluid and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic disturbances, bacterial contamination of tissues, and complications in all major organ systems. The severity of a burn injury is a function of both the characteristics of the burn injury itself and of factors related to the individual. Such factors include the proportion of the body surface that is damaged, location of injury, depth of the injury, age at injury, presence of associated injuries, and coexisting illness, and associated psychosocial problems like poverty, low socioeconomic status, marital problems, psychiatric problems and substance abuse (alcoholism) which is more prevalent in our country. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To analyse the incidence of psychiatric problems in suicidal burns patients. 2. To study the survival rate of psychiatric burn patients. 3. To study the psychiatric problems in suicidal burn survivors. 4. To study the functional outcome of the psychiatric burn survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MATERIALS: Patients admitted in Kilpauk Medical Collage burns department during the period of December 2009 to February 2010 were taken for the study. Inclusion criteria: 1. All patient 15years and above were included. 2. All patients with suicide history were included. Exclusion criteria: 1. All patients below the age of 15 were excluded as major and common psychiatric problems rarely occur in this group. 2. Patients who were not willing for participation were excluded. METHODS: Patients were assessed with a fixed set of questioner to diagnose pre burn psychosocial and undiagnosed psychiatric illness. At the 5th, 30th, 90th post burn day they were assessed by psychiatrist for any mental illness and managed accordingly. Burn survivor were asked to review after one year and assessed by the psychiatrist. OBSERVATION: Total number of patients admitted during the period of December 2009 and February 2010 were 114 and male were 34 patients and females were 80 patients, only 20 patients survived among them 9 were males and 11 were females. Among 114 cases of suicidal burns in this study 34 (30%) were male and 80 (70%) were female patients. Female patients were considerably more in suicidal burns. CONCLUSION: Compared with the general population, burn patients have a high rate of premorbid psychopathology. Patients with pre-existing psychopathology typically cope with hospitalization through previously established dysfunctional and disruptive strategies. The most common premorbid psychiatric diagnoses are depression, personality disorders, and substance misuse. Prior psychopathology can have an adverse impact on outcomes, including longer hospitalizations and the development of more serious psychopathologies after injury. In our study alcohol abuse and marital disputes were the main contributors for the pre existing psychopathology of our patients. Analyzing the precipitating events that led to suicide in depth may help to diagnose unrevealed pre morbid psychopathology in the burns patients and help in management

Statistical Analysis of Thyroid Disorders in Surgical Patients year 2005

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid is the largest and most easily accessible gland. Enlargement of thyroid gland (Goitre) is a common problem and attracted the attention of surgeons and provides a great deal of work and interest for them. The following sections deal with anatomy, Physiology, pathogenesis of various thyroid disorders and their prevalence in our institution in the year 2005. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To analyse the incidence of various types of thyroid disorders in relation to age and sex. 2. To find out the incidence of thyroid disorders in and around Madurai. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was done during the period from January 2005 to December 2005 in the Department of Surgery, Surgical Endocrinology and Surgical Oncology, Government Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. All the patients admitted in Government Rajaji Hospital were examined clinically, patients with thyroid swellings were selected for the study. Ultrasonogram, X-ray neck-Anteroposterior and lateral views, thyroid profile tests, ENT examination were done for all the patients. FNAC was done for all. Post operative histopathological examination reports were reviewed and the diagnosis confirmed. According to that, distribution of thyroid disorders estimated. CONCLUSION: 1. Overall incidence of thyroid disorders is increasing in our part of the world. 2. Thyroid disorders occur more commonly in females than males. 3. Most of the thyroid disorders are benign. Malignancy accounts for 12% only. 4. Most of the patients present with solitary nodular goitre, which accounts for 35%. 5. Most of the thyroid disorders present in third and fourth decades, excluding malignancy

Bis(μ-phenyl­tellurido-κ2 Te:Te)bis­[tetra­carbonyl­rhenium(I)]

The title compound, [Re2(C6H5Te)2(CO)8], crystallizes with two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, in which two Re atoms are coordinated in a slightly distorted octa­hedral environment and are bridged by two Te atoms, which show a distorted trigonal-pyramidal geometry. The torsion angles for the Te—Re—Te—Re sequence of atoms are 19.29 (18) and 16.54 (16)° in the two mol­ecules. Thus, the Re—Te four-membered rings in the two mol­ecules deviate significantly from planarity. Two intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions occur in one of the mol­ecules. Te—Te [4.0551 (10) Å] inter­actions between the two mol­ecules and weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions stabilize the crystal packing

Correlations and periodicities in Himalayan tree ring widths and temperature anomalies through wavelets

We have studied periodicities and correlation properties of tree ring width chronology of deodar tree from Joshimath (1584 - 1999 years) and Uttarkashi (1500 - 2002 years) in the western Himalayas and the pre-monsoon (March-April-May) temperature anomalies (1876 - 2003) relative to 1961 - 1990 mean, through wavelet analysis. Periodic behavior is observed in the tree ring chronology with periodicity in the form 11, 22, and 42 years. The analysis of the self-similar nature reveals longrange correlation with a Hurst exponent, H > 0.5. These are anti-correlated with the temperature anomalies. An interesting inversion behavior is observed around the year 1750. The power spectral analysis of the time series corroborate the results of wavelet method

Tribal farmers' perceived constraints in the adoption of good dairy farming practices in the northern hills zone of Chhattisgarh, India

This study was carried out during the year 2014-15 to explore the perceived constraints encountered by the tribal dairy farmers in the successful adoption of Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFPs). Out of 27 districts in Chhattisgarh, three tribal populated districts were selected for this study from northern hills zone of the state and totally 300 respondents were selected for constraints analysis. The study revealed that 55.33 % of the tribal farmers realised that insufficient knowledge and awareness towards good dairy farming practices is the major constraints in the adoption process, majority (70.00 %) of the tribal farmers perceived that lack of progeny tested superior bulls for AI and natural service are the main constraint in the adoption of good breeding practices, about (75.70 %) of the tribal farmers expressed the higher cost of concentrates, mineral mixtures and vitamin supplements are the main constraints in the adoption of good feeding practices, majority (70.70 %) of the tribal farmers responded that less number of veterinary hospitals in their locality is the main constraints and its ranks first in the healthcare constraints list, little less than three-fourths (67.67 %) of the tribal farmers articulated that lack of advanced farm machineries (portable milking unit) for small dairy holders is the main constraints in the adoption of good management practices and about three-fourths (75.30 %) of the tribal farmers conveyed that the lack of insurance for longer period is the main constraints and tops in the socio-economic constraints. This constraints study will be highly useful to policy makers and the scientific community to assess the dairy production technologies for refinement and appropriate strategies can be formulated to promote tribal dairying from subsistence level to intensive in order to increase the income from dairy sector

Study on characterization of Furcraea foetida new natural fiber as composite reinforcement for lightweight applications

The exploration of new natural fibers in the field of polymer composites can contribute to increase the invention of natural reinforcements and expand their use in possible applications. In the present work, the physico-chemical, thermal, tensile and morphological properties of Furcraea foetida (FF) fiber are presented for the first time. Chemical analysis results shows that FF has relatively higher cellulose (68.35%) with lower hemicelluloses (11.46%) and lignin (12.32%). Structural analysis of FF was conducted by Fourier transform infrared and 13C (CP-MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis evidenced that FF has crystallinity index of 52.6% with crystalline size of 28.36 nmThe surface morphology of FF was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray micro analyzer (EDX) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals thermal constancy of the fiber upto 320.5 °C with the kinetic activation energy of 66.64 kJ/mol, which can be used as reinforcements in thermoplastic green composite whose working temperatures is below 300 °C. The FF results were compared with those of other natural fibers, and indicated as a suitable alternative source for composite manufacture

A Note On Strongly Gorenstein X-Flat Modules

Mao and Ding introduced the concept of injective modules. D. Bennis and N. Mahdou introduced and studied the concept of strongly Gorenstein projective and injective modules. In this article, we have introduced and examined strongly Gorenstein-flat modules, which are the generalizations of strongly flat modules. Further, we have linked them with the strongly Gorenstein-projective module

Butane-1,4-diyl bis­(pyridine-4-carboxyl­ate)

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H16N2O4, lies about an inversion centre; the butane chain adopts an extended zigzag conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and the adjacent COO group is 3.52 (s14)°