200 research outputs found
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Final Progress Report on Model-Based Diagnosis of Soil Limitations to Forest Productivity
This project was undertaken in support of the forest industry to link modeling of nutrients and productivity with field research to identify methods for enhancing soil quality and forest productivity and for alleviating soil limitations to sustainable forest productivity. The project consisted of a series of related tasks, including (1) simulation of changes in biomass and soil carbon with nitrogen fertilization, (2) development of spreadsheet modeling tools for soil nutrient availability and tree nutrient requirements, (3) additional modeling studies, and (4) evaluation of factors involved in the establishment and productivity of southern pine plantations in seasonally wet soils. This report also describes the two Web sites that were developed from the research to assist forest managers with nutrient management of Douglas-fir and loblolly pine plantations
Highly tunable hybrid metamaterials employing split-ring resonators strongly coupled to graphene surface plasmons
Metamaterials and plasmonics are powerful tools for unconventional
manipulation and harnessing of light. Metamaterials can be engineered to
possess intriguing properties lacking in natural materials, such as negative
refractive index. Plasmonics offers capabilities to confine light in
subwavelength dimensions and to enhance light-matter interactions.
Recently,graphene-based plasmonics has revealed emerging technological
potential as it features large tunability, higher field-confinement and lower
loss compared to metal-based plasmonics. Here,we introduce hybrid structures
comprising graphene plasmonic resonators efficiently coupled to conventional
split-ring resonators, thus demonstrating a type of highly tunable
metamaterial, where the interaction between the two resonances reaches the
strong-coupling regime. Such hybrid metamaterials are employed as high-speed
THz modulators, exhibiting over 60% transmission modulation and operating speed
in excess of 40 MHz. This device concept also provides a platform for exploring
cavity-enhanced light-matter interactions and optical processes in graphene
plasmonic structures for applications including sensing, photo-detection and
nonlinear frequency generation
Prospective for graphene based thermal mid-infrared light emitting devices
Journal ArticleWe have investigated the spatial and spectral characteristics of mid-infrared thermal emission from large area Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) graphene, transferred onto SiO2/Si, and show that the emission is broadly that of a grey-body emitter, with emissivity values of approximately 2% and 6% for mono- and multilayer graphene. For the currents used, which could be sustained for over one hundred hours, the emission peaked at a wavelength of around 4 μm and covered the characteristic absorption of many important gases. A measurable modulation of thermal emission was obtained even when the drive current was modulated at frequencies up to 100 kHz. © 2014 Author(s).EPSRCEuropean Union (GOSFEL
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Simulation of barrier heterogeneity and preferential flow effects on the performance of shallow land burial facilities
Compacted soil barriers constructed at landfill sites have some degree of heterogeneity in hydraulic properties that may lead to a decline in barrier integrity and performance. A computer modeling study of the water dynamics of compacted soil barriers for a mesic site in eastem Tennessee was undertaken to identify possible situations that could lead to barrier failure. A water dynamics model for soil-plant systems (UTM) was applied to three landful construction scenarios, and varying degrees of heterogeneity of hydraulic properties for the cap and liner were introduced with a scaling procedure. Simulations were conducted for three annual contrasting rainfall conditions, and sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo methods were used in the investigation
Thermal emission from large area chemical vapor deposited graphene devices
Copyright © 2013 AIP PublishingThe spatial variation of thermal emission from large area graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition, transferred onto SiO2/Si substrates and fabricated into field effect transistor structures, has been investigated using infra-red microscopy. A peak in thermal emission occurs, the position of which can be altered by reversal of the current direction. The experimental results are compared with a one dimensional finite element model, which accounts for Joule heating and electrostatic effects, and it is found that the thermal emission is governed by the charge distribution in the graphene and maximum Joule heating occurs at the point of minimum charge density.This research was supported by the
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, and
the European Union under the FET-open grant GOSFELEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)European Unio
Coherence protection of spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride
This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: Source data are provided with this paper. All other data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Code availability:
The codes used for the analysis included in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Spin defects in foils of hexagonal boron nitride are an attractive platform for magnetic field imaging, since the probe can be placed in close proximity to the target. However, as a III-V material the electron spin coherence is limited by the nuclear spin environment, with spin echo coherence times of ∽100 ns at room temperature accessible magnetic fields. We use a strong continuous microwave drive with a modulation in order to stabilize a Rabi oscillation, extending the coherence time up to ∽ 4μs, which is close to the 10 μs electron spin lifetime in our sample. We then define a protected qubit basis, and show full control of the protected qubit. The coherence times of a superposition of the protected qubit can be as high as 0.8 μs. This work establishes that boron vacancies in hexagonal boron nitride can have electron spin coherence times that are competitive with typical nitrogen vacancy centres in small nanodiamonds under ambient conditions.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC
Coherence protection of spin qubits in hexagonal boron nitride
This is the final version. Available on open access from Nature Research via the DOI in this recordData availability: Source data are provided with this paper. All other data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Code availability:
The codes used for the analysis included in the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Spin defects in foils of hexagonal boron nitride are an attractive platform for magnetic field imaging, since the probe can be placed in close proximity to the target. However, as a III-V material the electron spin coherence is limited by the nuclear spin environment, with spin echo coherence times of ∽100 ns at room temperature accessible magnetic fields. We use a strong continuous microwave drive with a modulation in order to stabilize a Rabi oscillation, extending the coherence time up to ∽ 4μs, which is close to the 10 μs electron spin lifetime in our sample. We then define a protected qubit basis, and show full control of the protected qubit. The coherence times of a superposition of the protected qubit can be as high as 0.8 μs. This work establishes that boron vacancies in hexagonal boron nitride can have electron spin coherence times that are competitive with typical nitrogen vacancy centres in small nanodiamonds under ambient conditions.Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC
Effect of the GaAsP shell on optical properties of self-catalyzed GaAs nanowires grown on silicon
We realize growth of self-catalyzed core-shell GaAs/GaAsP nanowires (NWs) on
Si substrates using molecular-beam epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM) of single GaAs/GaAsP NWs confirms their high crystal quality and shows
domination of the zinc-blende phase. This is further confirmed in optics of
single NWs, studied using cw and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). A
detailed comparison with uncapped GaAs NWs emphasizes the effect of the GaAsP
capping in suppressing the non-radiative surface states: significant PL
enhancement in the core-shell structures exceeding 2000 times at 10K is
observed; in uncapped NWs PL is quenched at 60K whereas single core-shell
GaAs/GaAsP NWs exhibit bright emission even at room temperature. From analysis
of the PL temperature dependence in both types of NW we are able to determine
the main carrier escape mechanisms leading to the PL quench
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