UV spectral analysis of very hot H-deficient [WCE]-type central stars of planetary nebulae: NGC 2867, NGC 5189, NGC 6905, Pb 6, and Sand 3

We analysed UV FUSE, IUE, and HST/STIS spectra of five of the hottest [WCE]-type central stars of planetary nebulae: NGC 2867, NGC 5189, NGC 6905, Pb 6, and Sand 3. The analysis leveraged on our grid of CMFGEN synthetic spectra, which covers the parameter regime of hydrogen deficient central stars of planetary nebulae and allows a uniform and systematic study of the stellar spectra. The stellar atmosphere models calculated by us include many elements and ionic species neglected in previous analyses, which allowed us to improve the fits to the observed spectra considerably and provided an additional diagnostic line: the Ne VII $\lambda$ 973 $\mathrm{\AA}$, which had not been modelled in [WCE] spectra and which presents, in these stars, a strong P-Cygni profile. We report newly derived photospheric and wind parameters and elemental abundances. The central stars of NGC 2867, NGC 5189, and Pb 6 had their temperatures revised upward in comparison with previous investigations and we found the carbon to helium mass ratio of the sample objects to span a wide range of values, 0.42$\leq$C:He$\leq$1.96. Modelling of the Ne VII $\lambda$ 973 $\mathrm{\AA}$ P-Cygni profile indicated strong neon overabundances for the central stars of NGC 2867, NGC 5189, NGC 6905, and Pb 6, with Ne mass fractions between 0.01 and 0.04. Nitrogen abundances derived by us for the central stars of NGC 5189, Pb 6, and Sand 3 are higher than previous determinations by factors of 3, 10, and 14, respectively.Comment: Accepted on MNRA

Hanford Nuclear Site Cultural Resource GIS Analysis: A Case Study Investigating Pre-Contact Travel Networks and Site and Artifact Locations

This thesis uses Global Information Systems (GIS) to investigate travel networks and site locations on the Hanford Nuclear Site. I construct a spatially referenced base map of historical travel routes, compare amounts of areas with and without archaeological survey, and analyze the location of archaeological sites. Government Land Office maps (GLO’s) mapped trails between1860’s and 1890’s. GIS analysis helps calculate relative frequencies and the densities of site and artifact types within 2 km buffers along the Columbia River corridor and trails. Collaboration between agencies and tribes facilitates consultation on all matters related to Hanford, and shared management of data covering traditional and contemporary practices. This study was inspired by my work within the Yakama Nation Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (ERWM) program. By providing analysis of site use through detailed classification of site types and artifact types, I hope to raise awareness of the importance of Hanford to native peoples and improve resource co-management. Hanford Site archaeological surveys have been completed under National Historic Preservation Act (section106 and 110) requirements. The Hanford site consists of a total of 1517 square kilometers and approximately 494 square kilometers have been surveyed. There are 2,263 cultural sites across the Hanford landscape. Precontact site (n=1,022) and artifact types were mapped and tabulated into categories and their frequencies were used in the contingency tables. Results indicate the Residential/Non-Residential and Rock Cairn site types, and the Projectile Point/Biface and Debitage/Flakes artifact types are associated with the Columbia River and/or trails. The distributions of site and artifact types raise several questions and lead to recommendations for additional survey coverage. GIS data management and analysis combined with future survey will improve understanding of past land uses and what types of activities drew people away from the river and along trails crossing the interior of the Hanford Reach

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN VERB MOVEMENT AND AGREEMENT IN KARITIANA (TUPI STOCK)

Este artigo tem como objetivo mostrar que o Karitiana, uma língua da família Arikém, tronco Tupi, falada em Rondônia, Brasil, é uma língua V-2, que apresenta movimento obrigatório do verbo para a posição de complementizador (C) nas sentenças matrizes. O verbo transitivo, invariavelmente, ocorre em primeira ou segunda posição em relação a seus argumentos nas sentenças principais, quando aparece, obrigatoriamente, marcado por tempo e concordância. Já nas sentenças subordinadas, o verbo aparece nú na última posição. Apresentamos evidências de movimento verbal ao discutirmos a ordem dos constituintes, a posição dos núcleos funcionais nas sentenças, e as possibilidades de adjunção adverbial na língua. Abstract This paper aims to show that Karitiana, a language of the Arikém family, Tupi stock, spoken in Rondônia, Brazil, is a verb-second language, which presents obligatory movement of the verb to complementizer position (C) in root clauses. The transitive verb, invariably, occurs in first or second position with respect to its arguments in matrix clauses, when it is marked by tense and agreement morphology. In embedded clauses, the verb is bare and occurs in final position. We present evidence of verb movement through a discussion of constituent order, the position of functional heads in the sentence, and adverb adjunction possibilities

The Economic Case for Landscape Restoration in Latin America

Degraded lands—lands that have lost some degree of their natural productivity through human activity—account for over 20 percent of forest and agricultural lands in Latin America and the Caribbean. Some 300 million hectares of the region's forests are considered degraded, and about 350 million hectares are now classified as deforested. The agriculture and forestry sectors are growing and exerting great pressure on natural areas. With the region expected to play an increasingly important role in global food security, this pressure will continue to ratchet up. In addition, land degradation is a major driver in greenhouse gas emissions in the region. Forest and landscape restoration can offer a solution to these increasing pressures