FTIR Spectrum Interpretation of Lubricants with Treatment of Variation Mileage

Infrared spectroscopy is a widely used technique for the analysis of lubricating oil, lubricating analyzed in this study on Motorcycle. Taking advantage of FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier Transform Infra Red) in the process of identifying the molecular structure of a compound. Samples lubricants used are mineral and Lubricants Synthetic Lubricants. The goal is to see is there a shift in the spectrum of functional groups and intensity of absorption. In the analysis of changes in or degradation of the lubricant in the FTIR spectrum, lubricants mineral or synthetic, assessed based on several parameters lubricants namely, Oxidation (carbon) (1700 cm-1), Nitration (1630 cm-1), Soot (2000 cm-1), Sulfation (1150 cm-1) and water (3400 cm-1). The results showed that based on the analysis of the spectrum for some parameter, synthetic lubricants have the advantage compared to mineral lubricants. Synthetic lubricants have better viscosity stability compared to mineral lubricants, this is because synthetic lubricants generally have better chemical properties / its chemical structure uniform than mineral lubricants. The use of synthetic lubricants have an impact on fuel consumption savings, this is because its viscosity is most stable. Keywords: FTIR spectroscopy; synthetic lubricants; mineral lubricants; viscosit

Type of Mineral Deposits on Alteration Rocks using Petrography, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Method in Geothermal Prospect in Tiouw Village, Maluku

Indonesia is a country with abundant geothermal energy potential. One of the locations that have potential geothermal energy sources is Tiouw Village, Saparua, Central Maluku. This study was conducted on the types of mineral deposits using the petrographic method, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Based on the results of petrographic analysis and XRD, rock samples 1, 2, and 3 of Tiouw include andesite igneous rocks with propylitic alteration type. While sample 4 is dacite igneous rock with argillic alteration type. Each rock sample has a mineral set of kaolinite, chlorite, quartz, cristobalite, epidote, and plagioclase. The XRF results showed the highest chemical composition of SiO2, followed by Al2O3 and K2O. This mineral content can indicate the subsurface temperature of the geothermal field in the range of 200–300 ºC with varying salinity, pH close to neutral, and low permeability. This interpreted that the type of mineral deposits in Tiouw Village was high sulfidation epithermal deposits. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um024v4i22019p03

PENANGANAN PASCA TANGKAP HASIL PERIKANAN DI NEGERI WAAI KECAMATAN SALAHUTU KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Waai Vilage is one of the of fresh fish producers located in Salahutu District, Maluku Tengah Regency. The availability of fresh fish for community needs is an important factor that must be fulfill by fishermen and seller so that an understanding of handling fish is very importance when it’s caught to the hands of consumers remains at a good and prime level of freshness. The importance of post-capture handling fish will have a positive impact on fishermen, seller and consumers because it will provide value added to the fish, the selling value will be higher, the nutrition of the fish caught will also be maintained so that it will affect further processed products

Analisis Variasional Dalam Memodelkan Relasi Dispersi Pemandu Gelombang Planar Step Indeks Menggunakan Medan Listrik Cobaan Hipergeometri

Analisis skalar variasional pandu gelombang optik dengan menggunakan model pendekatan Hipergeometri-Secanhiperbolik didasarkan pada dari sifat variasional pandu gelombang yaitu prinsip aksi terkecil Principle of last action, dimana konsep dasarnya adalah formulasi yang berbentuk stasioner dari konstanta propagasi.Teknik analisa ini dimulai dengan satuan pengambilan bentuk tertentu dari solusi medan dengan prinsip variasional. Nilai dari parameter - parameter tersebut kemudian ditentukan dengan memecahkan persamaannya secara simultan. Dalam makalah ini diperlihatkan prosedur perhitungan konstanta propagasi pandu gelombang planar step indek modus TE (Transverse electric. Serata analisis selanjutnya dengan prinsip variasional menggunakan fungsi trial polinom Hypergeometri dengan profil indeks bias yang dipilih berbentuk 1/cosh2. Kajian ini dilakukan secara semi analitik, sebagian perumusan dipecahkan langsung melalui solusi eksak dengan sebagian lagi melalui analisa numerik secara komputasional menggunakan perangkat lunak Matlab for windows. Hasil analisa berbagai orde moda dalam bentuk relasi dipersinya menunjukan kesesuainnya terhadap metode indeks efektif ( metode standart yang ada). Keakurasian penggunaan fungsi polinom Hypergeometri pada analisa ini, diperlihatkan juga salah satu hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan fungsi yang dipilih berbentuk polinom Hermie_Gaussin untuk profil indeks bias bertipe parabolik (Ertza, I.A., Ph.D, Disertation, Stanford Unica

Tariff reduction formulae : implications for rural poor Asia-Pacific countries

"recommending" the free play of market forces "between unequal trading partners would only punish poorer commodity exporters at the same time as it brought advantages to the rich industrial core. Therefore, the agenda should attack the persistent trade imbalance and create the essential external conditions for accelerating the rate of growth including new modalities of participation for developing countries in the trading system" (taken from Prebisch, R., 1964, quoted in Ricupero, R., 20031. This article intends to clarify issues related to the current WTO trade negotiations in the framework of the Agreement on Agriculture. After presenting the general background for trade liberalization and the reason of the current negotiations, the paper introduces the different formulae for tariff reduction that are currently under debate and concludes with some implications for the rural poor sectòr in Asia and Pacific countries. (Résumé d'auteur