Clearing Alaskan water supply impoundments: management, laboratory study, and literature review

The literature review prepared in conjunction with this study is contained in IWR-67-A, published separately as "Clearing Alaskan Water Supply Impoundments: Literature Review" by the Institute of Water Resources, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska. The data developed in the laboratory portion of the study are contained in IWR-67-B. Contact the Institute of Water Resources for access to this material. IWR-67-A and IWR-67-B are available on microfiche.Water supply impoundments in northern regions have seen only limited application. Reasons for the lack of use of such impoundments include the following: 1) little demand for water due to the low population densities and rustic life styles; 2) a lack of conventional distribution systems in many communities; 3) poorly developed technology for construction of dams on permafrost; 4) adequacy of existing river, lake, ice, and lagoon water supplies; 5) shortage of capital to finance the high cost of construction in remote regions.The work upon which this report is based was supported by funds provided by the United States Department of the Interior, Office of Water Research and Technology, as authorized by the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, Public Law 88-379, as amended (Project A-043-ALAS)

Cold climate water/wastewater transportation and treatment - a bibliography: completion report

This bibliography contains 1,400 citations, including published and unpublished papers, on cold-climate water and wastewater transportation and treatment systems. Sources listed include state and federal agency files which contain information on systems in Alaskan communities and the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company camps. References to systems in other northern countries are also included. The objectives of this study were to identify causes of the failure of Alaskan water and wastewater treatment and transportation facilities and to seek methods for design improvements. Originally, the investigators contemplated an evaluation of systems performance in remote areas in relation to the original conception, planning, design, and construction. Because of the tremendous amount of literature examined, the evaluation was undertaken in a subsequent study, "Alaska Wastewater Treatment Technology" (A-058-ALAS) by Dr. Ronald A. Johnson.OWRT AGREEMENT NO. 14-31-0001-5002 PROJECT NO. A-047-ALAS The work upon which this completion report is based was supported by funds provided by the U. S. Department of the Interior, Office of Water Research and Technology, as authorized under the Water Resources Research Act of 1964, Public Law 88-379, as amended

Cooperation among American wage earners prior to 1890.

Definitions : Productive Cooperation – an arrangement by which the employees choose those who are to manage the business. Distributive Cooperation – an arrangement by which the consumers manage the business and divide the profits. Profit Sharing – an arrangement by which the employees participate in the profits of the business. General : “The aim of cooperation is the substitution of common ownership and operation of trade and industry for individual or capitalistic ownership. The cooperator seeks common ownership not through the government, as does the socialist, but through voluntary association of producers or consumers.” This is a statement of the aim of early cooperators. Perhaps they were not as clear in their aim as they might have been, but in some way or other they sought for the day when labor should control industry. Whether they had in mind universal cooperation, or cooperation in the local sense, is not clear. Most likely they had in mind the bringing about of their desired aims by local cooperation

Characterizing Habitat and Densities of the Mojave Desert Tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at Multiple Spatial Scales

Determining what environmental and anthropogenic factors have the greatest influence on the distribution of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) is key to improving population estimates and better understanding how this species uses their habitat around them. The Mojave Desert tortoise is a federally listed threated species and a key component to their delisting is ensuring that they are well distributed throughout their range. Currently range wide surveys of desert tortoises are conducted over large regions of suitable habitat with little consideration of the patchy nature of their distribution. Models were constructed to evaluate influences on desert tortoise densities across their range and are capable of informing conservation managers on where to conduct surveys in the future as well as what habitat to allocate for protection based on desert tortoise habitat preferences. At the range wide scale satellite data is readily available for input into models; however, when evaluating tortoise densities at smaller scales satellite derived remote sensing imagery proves to be too coarse for analyses at these scales. Remote sensing imagery derived from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has recently become a viable option for obtaining data at these scales for various types of analyses. With high resolution imagery obtained with UAVs density models were constructed to evaluate influences on tortoise densities at local scales and with this I was also able to evaluate if tortoise habitat preferences differ amongst scales and regions. Detailed plant and soil data are collected at these small scales through field methods such as the Assessment Inventory and Monitoring (AIM) protocol but do not have the ability to capture the heterogeneity across the landscape; thus, UAV derived imagery has the potential to bridge the gap between satellite derived imagery and field collected data. Here I’ve shown that UAVs can capture a more accurate representation of shrub cover than field methods such as the AIM protocol. Shrub cover is important to Mojave desert tortoise habitat as it provides protection from high temperatures and predators. Though the UAV imagery proved useful for obtaining shrub cover, data collected through field methods will still be necessary for obtaining specific plant and soil data as well as for calibration with remotely sensed imagery. The density models constructed at both the range wide and local scales revealed that desert tortoises do show preferences in habitat selection and these preferences vary from region to region and amongst scales. On the other hand, more work is needed to improve the types of data available for collection with UAVs. These results demonstrate the importance of evaluating Mojave desert tortoise densities at different scales and with data collected through various different means

Errors Incurred in the Reduction and Mathematical Modeling of Process Dynamic Data Final Report

Errors incurred in reduction and mathematical modeling of process dynamic dat

Professional Perspectives of Youth Justice Policy Implementation:Contextual and Coalface Challenges

© 2020 The Authors. The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice published by Howard League and John Wiley & Sons Ltd This article offers a multilayered analysis of the subjective perspectives and experiences of key youth justice stakeholders; exploring the inherent dynamism, contradiction, non-linearity, and contentiousness of youth justice policy implementation. We interrogate how professionals make sense and meaning of policy in the real world and how professional perspectives drive and shape their contributions to policy implementation nationally and locally. Contemporaneously, these analyses enable us to critically examine the caricatures, stereotypes, and assumptions that can (mis)inform common constructions, representations, and understandings of youth justice policy trajectories, including those relating to contextual stability, conceptual clarity, robust evidence bases, and purported foundations in stakeholder consensus

The First Amendment, Commercial Speech, and the Advertising Lawyer

The Supreme Court, in a few cases scattered over several decades, has implied the existence of a public right to a free flow of information as one facet of the freedom of speech; yet the Court has refrained from specifically basing a decision on any such right. But with the recent line of commercial speech decisions, the concept-of a public right to a free flow of information has become firmly established and merits detailed examination. That right, and the rationale of the Court in its commercial speech cases, may have far ranging implications. This Article explores these implications in three areas of immediate interest to the practitioner: general first amendment theory, the scope of the limited first amendment protection extended to commercial speech, and the application of commercial speech guidelines to attorney advertising. First amendment theory should serve as a signpost by providing direction for a court dealing with a free speech problem. The lack of a cohesive general theory, however, has led to con- fused and inconsistent first amendment decisions. The Supreme Court\u27s commercial speech decisions provide a new viewpoint and an opportunity to reexamine traditional free speech theories. Part II of this Article explores the impact of the commercial speech cases on first amendment theory. Part III explores the development of the split of freedom of speech into freedom of expression and the right to a free flow of information, while Part IV follows the development of commercial speech and the extension of first amendment protections to attorney advertising. Part V highlights some of the problems faced by the advertising lawyer, with specific reference to the newly adopted Washington Rules of Professional Conduct. State rules of professional responsibility commonly have lagged behind the Supreme Court\u27s interpretation of the first amendment and have failed to provide any certain guidelines to the attorney or judge faced with an issue in attorney advertising