The Transcriptome Analysis of Strongyloides stercoralis L3i Larvae Reveals Targets for Intervention in a Neglected Disease

BackgroundStrongyloidiasis is one of the most neglected diseases distributed worldwide with endemic areas in developed countries, where chronic infections are life threatening. Despite its impact, very little is known about the molecular biology of the parasite involved and its interplay with its hosts. Next generation sequencing technologies now provide unique opportunities to rapidly address these questions.Principal FindingsHere we present the first transcriptome of the third larval stage of S. stercoralis using 454 sequencing coupled with semi-automated bioinformatic analyses. 253,266 raw sequence reads were assembled into 11,250 contiguous sequences, most of which were novel. 8037 putative proteins were characterized based on homology, gene ontology and/or biochemical pathways. Comparison of the transcriptome of S. strongyloides with those of other nematodes, including S. ratti, revealed similarities in transcription of molecules inferred to have key roles in parasite-host interactions. Enzymatic proteins, like kinases and proteases, were abundant. 1213 putative excretory/secretory proteins were compiled using a new pipeline which included non-classical secretory proteins. Potential drug targets were also identified.ConclusionsOverall, the present dataset should provide a solid foundation for future fundamental genomic, proteomic and metabolomic explorations of S. stercoralis, as well as a basis for applied outcomes, such as the development of novel methods of intervention against this neglected parasite

Proteomic analysis of Strongyloides stercoralis L3 larvae

Strongyloidiasis can be perpetuated by autoinfection with the filariform larvae L3, causing asymptomatic chronic infections and creating a population of carriers, affecting not only developing countries. So far, very little is known about the proteins that interact with the human host, and few proteins from the infective Strongyloides stercoralis L3 have been characterized. Here, we report results obtained from a proteomic analysis of the proteins from S. stercoralis L3 larvae obtained from patients. Since the genome of S. stercoralis is not yet available, we used proteomic analysis to identify 26 different proteins, 13 of them released by short digestion with trypsin, which could represent surface-associated proteins. The present work extends our knowledge of host-parasite interactions by identifying proteins that could be of interest in the development of diagnostic tools, vaccines, or treatments for a neglected disease like strongyloidiasis

Corticosteróides sistêmicos na prática dermatológica. Parte II: estratégias para minimizar os efeitos adversos Systemic corticosteroids in dermatological practice. Part II: strategies to minimize adverse effects

Os efeitos benéficos dos corticosteróides sistêmicos no tratamento e/ou controle de inúmeras dermatoses é inquestionável. No entanto, o dermatologista deve conhecer os principais efeitos adversos destas drogas e adotar medidas apropriadas com o intuito de evitar danos maiores à saúde do paciente. Este artigo discorre sobre as medidas pré-corticoterapia e o seguimento clínico do paciente durante o tratamento, de modo que as complicações possam ser diagnosticadas e controladas prontamente.<br>The beneficial effects of systemic corticosteroids in treatment and/or control of several skin diseases are unquestionable. Nevertheless, dermatologists should be aware of the main adverse effects of these drugs and do what is necessary to avoid any harm to patients. The authors report the measures physicians should take before and during glucocorticoid therapy, so that any complications be immediately diagnosed and treated