Gall Bladder Disease and the Heart

Fifty patients subjected to operation for gall bladder disease undertook cardiac stress tests before and two months after surgery. Fourteen showed evidence of preexisting coronary heart disease and this was unaltered by operation. Squeezing the gall bladder during surgery provoked arrhythmias in six out of ten patients with coronary heart disease and in two out of fourteen of those without demonstrable heart disease. Removal of a diseases gall bladder may decrease the arrhythmia potential, particularly in patients with associated coronary heart disease, but does not alter the angina threshold

Effect of fallow frequency on soil water conservation in the semi-arid region of Saskatchewan

Non-Peer ReviewedThe effects of fallow frequency on soil water conservation were quantified for a 40 yr (1967-2006) field experiment conducted on a medium textured Orthic Brown Chernozem (Aridic Haploboroll) in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan, in which soil water contents were measured each year in early spring, shortly after harvest, and again just prior to freeze-up in the fall. The three treatments examined were continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Cont W) and fallow-wheat (F-W), each receiving N and P fertilizer and Cont W receiving only P. On average, 36 % of the precipitation received during the fall and winter months for Cont W (N+P) was conserved in the soil. In the summer fallow system (F-W (N+P)) a greater proportion (42 %) of the precipitation was conserved during the first fall and winter. During the second overwinter period, only 6 % of the precipitation received was conserved in the F-W system compared to 44 % in the first overwinter period. Compared to the 36% of fall and wither precipitation conserved in Cont W (N+P), inadequate N fertility (Cont W (+P)) resulted in only 27 % of the precipitation being conserved during this period. We developed equations that will allow estimation of water conserved as a function of precipitation received between harvest and seeding for F-W and Cont W (N+P. Trends in grain yield were fairly closely correlated with growing season precipitation and potential evapotranspiration

Can we predict the time of seedling emergence of spring wheat?

Non-Peer Reviewe

Long-term response of spring wheat to N and P fertilization in southwestern Saskatchewan

Non-Peer Reviewe

The precision of axon targeting of mouse olfactory sensory neurons requires the BACE1 protease

The β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is necessary to generate the Aβ peptide, which is implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology. Studies show that the expression of BACE1 and its protease activity are tightly regulated, but the physiological function of BACE1 remains poorly understood. Recently, numerous axon guidance proteins were identified as potential substrates of BACE1. Here, we examined the consequences of loss of BACE1 function in a well-defined in vivo model system of axon guidance, mouse olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). The BACE1 protein resides predominantly in proximal segment and the termini of OSN axons, and the expression of BACE1 inversely correlates with odor-evoked neural activity. The precision of targeting of OSN axons is disturbed in both BACE1 null and, surprisingly, in BACE1 heterozygous mice. We propose that BACE1 cleavage of axon guidance proteins is essential to maintain the connectivity of OSNs in vivo

Influence of Olfactory Epithelium on Mitral/Tufted Cell Dendritic Outgrowth

Stereotypical connections between olfactory sensory neuron axons and mitral cell dendrites in the olfactory bulb establish the first synaptic relay for olfactory perception. While mechanisms of olfactory sensory axon targeting are reported, molecular regulation of mitral cell dendritic growth and refinement are unclear. During embryonic development, mitral cell dendritic distribution overlaps with olfactory sensory axon terminals in the olfactory bulb. In this study, we investigate whether olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium influence mitral cell dendritic outgrowth in vitro. We report a soluble trophic activity in the olfactory epithelium conditioned medium which promotes mitral/tufted cell neurite outgrowth. While the trophic activity is present in both embryonic and postnatal olfactory epithelia, only embryonic but not postnatal mitral/tufted cells respond to this activity. We show that BMP2, 5 and 7 promote mitral/tufted cells neurite outgrowth. However, the BMP antagonist, Noggin, fails to neutralize the olfactory epithelium derived neurite growth promoting activity. We provide evidence that olfactory epithelium derived activity is a protein factor with molecular weight between 50–100 kD. We also observed that Follistatin can effectively neutralize the olfactory epithelium derived activity, suggesting that TGF-beta family proteins are involved to promote mitral/tufted dendritic elaboration

Conceptual Art

Providing a re-examination of what Osborne identifies as a major turning point in contemporary art, this monograph takes a chronological and stylistic look at conceptual art from its “pre-history” (1950-1960) to contemporary practices that use conceptual strategies. Osborne surveys the development of the movement in relation to the social, cultural and political contexts within which it evolved. With extended captions, key works are compiled according to ten themes that also serve to present a collection of critical texts, artists’ statements, interviews and commentaries. Includes biographical notes on artists (6 p.) and authors (2 p.), a bibliography (2 p.) and an onomastic index (4 p.) Circa 150 bibl. ref

Understanding the growth in outdoor recreation participation: an opportunity for sport development in the United Kingdom

© 2018, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This paper examines the growth in importance and scale of the outdoor recreation sector in the United Kingdom. It establishes a five-component model to help understand the growth in this sub-sector of the wider sport and physical activity industry. The paper is based on a narrative literature review of the importance of outdoor recreation and also sets the position of the sector in terms of sport policy in the UK. From determining the factors that are underpinning the growing importance of the sector the article goes on to establish implications for policy and practice in sport policy and development in the UK and beyond. It seeks to establish lesson learning between industry and academia that has underpinned the evolution of outdoor recreation policy development in recent years. Furthermore, it establishes future research agendas and directions for those working in outdoor recreation and physical activity spaces and places