Growth and Characterization of Nickel Catalyzed Gallium Oxide Nanowires on Sapphire Substrate

Beta gallium oxide (-Ga2O3) nanowires (NWs) were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition in argon atmosphere using gallium as a precursor and sapphire substrate coated with ultra thin film of nickel (Ni). In this report, we report the growth of -Ga2O3 NWs as a function of deposition time. The structure and morphology of grown NWs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results revealed that single crystal growth of the NWs and their crystallinity improved with the increase in the deposition time. The diameter of -Ga2O3 NWs varied in the range between 40-80 nm and their length was observed up to many micrometers. The optical property of NWs was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer and the bandgap of -Ga2O3 NWs was found to be about 4.30 eV. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3099

Sub-microsecond temporal evolution of edge density during edge localized modes in KSTAR tokamak plasmas inferred from ion cyclotron emission

During edge localised mode (ELM) crashes in KSTAR deuterium plasmas, bursts of spectrally structured ion cyclotron emission (ICE) are detected. Usually the ICE spectrum chirps downwards during an ELM crash, on sub-microsecond timescales. For KSTAR ICE where the separation of spectral peak frequencies is close to the proton cyclotron frequency Ω<sub>cp</sub> at the outer plasma edge, we show that the driving population of energetic ions is likely to be a subset of the 3MeV fusion protons, born centrally on deeply passing orbits which drift from the core to the edge plasma. We report first principles modelling of this scenario using a particle-in-cell code, which evolves the full orbit dynamics of large numbers of energetic protons, thermal deuterons, and electrons self-consistently with the electric and magnetic fields. The Fourier transform of the excited fields in the nonlinear saturated regime of the simulations is the theoretical counterpart to the measured ICE spectra. Multiple simulation runs for different, adjacent, values of the plasma density under KSTAR edge conditions enable us to infer the theoretical dependence of ICE spectral structure on the local electron number density. By matching this density dependence to the observed time-dependence of chirping ICE spectra in KSTAR, we obtain sub-microsecond time resolution of the evolving local electron number density during the ELM crash

Prediction of continental shelf sediment transport using a theoretical model of the wave-current boundary layer

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 1987This thesis presents an application of the Grant-Madsen-Glenn bottom boundary layer model (Grant and Madsen, 1979; Glenn and Grant, 1987) to predictions of sediment transport on the continental shelf. The analysis is a two-stage process. Via numerical experiment, we explore the sensitivity of sediment transport to variations in model parameters and assumptions. A notable result is the enhancement of suspended sediment stratification due to wave boundary layer effects. When sediment stratification is neglected under conditions of large wave bottom velocities, concentration predictions can be more than an order of magnitude higher than any observed during storm conditions on the continental shelf. A number of limitations to application emerged from the analysis. Solutions to the stratified model are not uniquely determined under a number of cases of interest, potentially leading to gross inaccuracies in the prediction of sediment load and transport. Load and sediment transport in the outer Ekman Layer, beyond the region of emphasis for the model, can be as large or larger than the near-bottom estimates in some cases; such results suggest directions for improvements in the theoretical model. In the second step of the analysis, we test the ability of the model to make predictions of net sediment transport that are consistent with observed sediment depositional patterns. Data from the Mid-Atlantic Bight and the Northern California coast are used to define reasonable model input to represent conditions on two different types of shelves. In these examples, the results show how the intensification of wave bottom velocities with decreasing depth can introduce net transport over a region. The patterns of erosion/deposition are shown to be strongly influenced by sediment stratification and moveable bed roughness. Also predicted by the applications is a rapid winnowing out of fine grain size components when there is even a small variation of bed grain size texture in the along-flow direction

Voltage profile enhancement in grid system using expert system

Frequent and severe blackouts are been attributed to insufficient voltage stability, resulting in voltage collapse. To mitigate this issue and ensure adequate voltage stability and damping in power systems, this study explores smart grid solutions. The proposed control strategies are applied to a distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) within a multi-machine system. The recommended approach, radial basis function neural network (RBFNN)-DSTATCOM with support vector machine (SVM), incorporates a PI controller to minimize system deviations. The damping performance of the RBFNN-DSTATCOM controller is analyzed against a fixed-parameter proportional-integral (PI)-DSTATCOM controller. Simulation analysis indicates that the proposed RBFNN-DSTATCOM controller effectively enhances power system stability under various disturbances and operating conditions. Critical bus graphs are provided for scenarios both with and without the DSTATCOM. A parametric evaluation is conducted using the 'powergui' toolbox based on the system's standard ratings. Finally, a comparative analysis is presented, utilizing the results from both systems, with all graphs plotted against time using the power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB

An Experimental Investigation and Parameter Optimization on Milling of Aluminum Alloy 6061

In this paper, the experiments will be conducted to improve the surface finish quality ofaluminum alloy 6061 work piece by using carbide tips. The type is bull nose tip. A series ofexperiments will be done by varying the milling parameters spindle speed, feed rate and depthof cut. The spindle speeds are 3500rpm, 3000rpm and 2000rpm. The feed rates are200mm/min, 300mm/min and 400mm/min. Depth of cut is 0.2mm and 0.3mm and 0.4mm.Taguchi method is used to study the effect of process parameters and establish correlationamong the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut with respect to the major machinability factor,surface finish. Validations of the modeled equations are proved to be well within theagreement with the experimental data. Taguchi method is used to study the effect of processparameters and establish correlation among the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut withrespect to the major mach inability factor, surface finish. Validations of the modeledequations are proved to be well within the agreement with the experimental data

EFFECT OF INCORPORATION OF FYM, PIGEONPEA STALK, PHOSPHOCOMPOST ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE IN PIGEONPEA BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEM

A field experiment was conducted to study the response of organic manure (FYM) and crop residue (Pigeonpea stalk) on pigeonpea intercropped with greengram and blackgram (1:2) on Inceptisolat Pulses Research Unit, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (Maharashtra) during kharif season of 2013-14. Among different cropping system Pigeonpea + blackgram intercropping system recorded maximum number of branches (16.31), dry matter accumulation (97.53 g), number of pods plant-1 (106.7), test weight (8.49 g), grain weight plant-1 (33.88 g), pigeonpea equivalent yield(2002 kg ha-1)and harvest index (26.1 %)while highest plant height (175.3 cm), seed yield, straw yield, biological yield(1601, 5146, 6710 kg ha-1 respectively) and N, P, K, uptake( 92.5, 9.6, 58.4 kg ha-1 respectively) were recorded in sole pigeonpea. In case of total nutrient uptake highest uptake of [N and P(105.8, 19.3 kg ha-1) respectively] was recorded with Pigeonpea+ blackgram intercropping system over remaining intercropping system, however, uptake of potassium was more with (58.4kg ha-1) sole pigeonpea. Among nutrient management application of inorganic fertilizer (25:50 kg N:P2O5 ha-1) and organic manures in combination with phosphocompost recorded statistically equivalent growth and yield attributes andNPK uptake

CLINICAL EFFICACY OF UDVARTANA WITH LEKHANA BASTI IN HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Now a day, due to increase in industrialized population include a sedentary lifestyle and a diet characterized by the excessive consumption of saturated fats, trans fatty acids and cholesterol which tends to increase blood cholesterol levels. Raised total cholesterol is a major cause of disease burden in both the developed and developing world as a risk factor for Ischemic heart disease and stroke. In Ayurveda, this condition can be considered under Santarpanotthavyadhi.  Due to Santarpanothanidanas there will be increase in the Pichilla and Snehagunas which in turn causes Ama, if further same nidanas are continued leads to Madhuratara of Ama and Annarasa causes the circulation of increased Medaie: Shareera Anukraman Atisnehan Medo Janayati.  To combat this condition Acharyas have mentioned about VatagnaAnnapana, Ruksha- Ushna i.e., Ruksha Udvartana, Lekhana Basti etc lines of treatment.  Hence this study was taken up to see the efficacy of the treatment protocol mentioned for the better management. It was an open label clinical study done on 10 patients.  Patients were subjected to Sarvanga Udvartana with Kolakulatthadichurna and Lekhanabasti for a period of fifteen days. In the present study, the effect of the treatment has shown statistically Highly Significant   (p<0.01) results on Serum Cholesterol and LDL.  As the study was conducted to know the combined effect of Bahyaupakrama along with the Lekhanabasti, the usefulness of individual Upakrama found limited.  So probably administration of these upakramas in single dimension one after the other along with proper diet and physical exercise in frequent intervals may yield good results