Carcinoma de células transicionales asociado con litiasis de la unión ureteropiélica: reporte de un caso

ResumenA continuación se reporta un caso de carcinoma de células transicionales descubierto durante una ureteroscopia indicada por litiasis de la unión ureteropiélica. Se tomó biopsia del tumor y posteriormente se realizó ureterolitotomía con biopsia transquirúrgica, identificando tumor de células transicionales por lo que se realizó nefroureterectomía derecha con resultado histopatológico de tumor de células transicionales de bajo grado. Este caso ilustra el potencial de desarrollar tumor de células transicionales en áreas afectadas por litiasis urinaria.AbstractA report is described herein of a case of transitional cell carcinoma discovered during ureteroscopy indicated for ureteropelvic junction lithiasis. A biopsy of the tumor was taken, after which ureterolithotomy with intraoperative biopsy was performed that identified a transitional cell tumor. Right nephroureterectomy was carried out and the histopathologic study reported a low-grade transitional cell tumor. This case illustrates the potential there is for developing a transitional cell tumor in areas that have been affected by urinary tract lithiasis

La utilización del vídeo para la enseñanza de conceptos básicos (calor y temperatura)

The goal of one of the inquiries implemented in the ANTEC Project (Aplicación de las Nuevas Tecnologías a la Enseñanza de las Ciencias) was to analyze the use of vídeotapes as a means to teach Sciences. In this paper we present the use of vídeotapes related to Heat and Temperature Units, in classrooms with students who were 16 years old. We expected to modify their concepts about these subjects. The results suggest the improvement of students' concepts and vocabulary, although it was not the same with the application of scientific knowledge to everyday events

Obtención por vía SHS-AE de compuesto cerámico αSiC-αAl2O3-CaAl4O7

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados experimentales de la obtención del compuesto cerámico SiC-Al2O3-CaAl 4O7 mediante el proceso SHS-AE (síntesis auto-sostenida de alta temperatura combinada con arco eléctrico) a partir del sistema vidrio sódico-cálcico-Al-C. Se utilizó horno de arco eléctrico con atmósfera de argón para la reducción del contenido de sílice presente en el vidrio con aluminio.La combinación de la energía de la reacción de formación del Al2O3 con la del arco eléctrico provee suficiente energía térmica para superar las barreras cinéticas asociadas con la reacción de formación de los componentes cerámicos.A partir de las relaciones estequiométricas de las materias primas, (polvos que se compactan en forma de pastilla) se efectúa la síntesis alcanzando una temperatura superior a los 2500 K formándose el compuesto SiC-Al2O3-CaAl 4O7. Las muestras obtenidas se caracterizaron por DRX y MEB-EDX confirmando la obtención simultánea de αSiC-αAl2O3-CaAl4O7

Financiación pública y emprendimiento: comportamientos y heterogeneidad regional de las pequeñas y medianas empresas

The existence of restrictions for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to access long-term credit has led governments to establish institutional systems to facilitate such access and reduce the cost of credit, with the condition that its feasibility is justified (and assessed) and there are no distortions as regards competition. Very few empirical in-depth studies exist regarding this field of academic research, and scarce attention has been paid from a regional perspective. Due to the characteristics of the business structures in the different regions, as well as the existence of agglomeration economies and the regional dispersion of the entrepreneurship rate, this paper analyses the effects of the productive financing support model, provided by the Government of Spain, through the Instituto de Crédito Oficial (ICO) [Official Credit Institute], on the behaviours and performances of the beneficiary companies. In the last decade, this source of financing has assigned 30,000 million euro. The results show the general acceptance of this policy due to its adaptation to the interests of the companies and its contribution to the improvement of the economic-financial efficiency indicators. Regionally, no substantial differences have been observed, but the results of this research show a greater contribution to the dynamism of the more progressive regions.La generalizada aceptación de la existencia de restricciones al acceso al crédito a largo plazo por parte de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pyme), ha inducido a los gobiernos al establecimiento de sistemas institucionales que faciliten dicho acceso y abaraten el coste del crédito, siempre que pueda justificarse (y evaluarse) su viabilidad y no introduzcan distorsiones en la competencia. Abundantes estudios han profundizado en esta vía de investigación académica, aunque apenas han particularizado la perspectiva regional. Debido a las distintas características que presenta la estructura empresarial entre las regiones, así como a la existencia de economías de aglomeración y a la dispersión regional de la tasa de empresarialidad, en este trabajo se analiza la incidencia del modelo de apoyo a la financiación productiva, proporcionada por el gobierno de España, a través del Instituto de Crédito Oficial (ICO), en los comportamientos y desempeños de las empresas beneficiarias. Esta línea de financiación, de intermediación bancaria, ha destinado en la última década casi 30.000 millones de euros. Los resultados arrojan evidencias de la aceptación generalizada de esta política por su adecuación a los intereses de las empresas y por su contribución a la mejora de sus indicadores de eficiencia económico-financiera. Regionalmente, no se observan importantes disimilitudes, pero la investigación detecta una mayor contribución al dinamismo de las regiones más avanzadas

ENSO coupling to the equatorial Atlantic: analysis with an extended improved recharge oscillator model

© 2023 Crespo-Miguel, Polo, Mechoso, Rodríguez-Fonseca and Cao-García. Weacknowledge Javier Jarillo and Lander R. Crespo for their help during the early stages of manuscript writing. We acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modeling, responsible for CMIP, and we thank the climate modeling groups for producing and making available their model output. This work was financially supported by 817578 TRIATLAS project of the Horizon 2020 Programme (EU) and RTI2018095802-B-I00 and PID2021-125806NB-I00 of Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain), Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU), the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (EU-FP7/2007–2013) PREFACE (Grant Agreement No. 603521), the ERC STERCP project (grant 648982), the ARC Centre of Excellence in Climate Extremes (CE170100023) and the Spanish project (CGL201786415-R).Introduction: Observational and modeling studies have examined the interactions between El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the equatorial Atlantic variability as incorporated into the classical charge-recharge oscillator model of ENSO. These studies included the role of the Atlantic in the predictability of ENSO but assumed stationarity in the relationships, i.e., that models’ coefficients do not change overtime. Arecentworkbytheauthors has challenged the stationarity assumption in the ENSO framework but without considering the equatorial Atlantic influence on ENSO. Methods: The present paper addresses the changing relationship between ENSO and the Atlantic El Niño using an extended version of the recharge oscillator model. The classical two-variable model of ENSO is extended by adding a linear coupling on the SST anomalies in the equatorial Atlantic. The model’s coefficients are computed for different periods. This calculation is done using two methods tofitthemodel tothe data: (1) the traditional method (ReOsc), and (2) a novel method (ReOsc+) based on fitting the Fisher’s Z transform of the auto and cross-correlation functions. Results: Weshowthat, duringthe 20th century, the characteristic dampingrate of the SST and thermocline depth anomalies in the Pacific have decreased in time by a factor of 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, the damping time of the ENSO fluctuations has doubled from 10 to 20 months, and the oscillation period of ENSO has decreased from 60-70 months before the 1960s to 50 months afterward. These two changes have contributed to enhancing ENSO amplitude. The results also show that correlations between ENSO and the Atlantic SST strengthened after the 70s and the way in which the impact of the equatorial Atlantic is added to the internal ENSO variability. Conclusions: The remote effects of the equatorial Atlantic on ENSO must be considered in studies of ENSO dynamics and predictability during specific time-periods. Our results provide further insight into the evolution of the ENSO dynamics anditscoupling to the equatorial Atlantic, as well as an improved tool to study the coupling of climatic and ecological variables.Depto. de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y ElectrónicaDepto. de Física de la Tierra y AstrofísicaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEHorizon 2020 Programme (EU)Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadFondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU)European Union Seventh Framework ProgrammeERC STERCP projectARC Centre of Excellence in Climate ExtremesSpanish projectpu

Interactions of Aromatic Radicals with Water

The interactions of the benzyl radical (1), the anilinyl radical (2), and the phenoxyl radical (3) with water are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). In addition, we report dispersion-corrected DFT-D molecular dynamics simulations on these three systems and a matrix isolation study on 1–water. The radicals 1–3 form an interesting series with the number of lone pairs increasing from none to two. The anilinyl and benzyl radicals can act as Lewis base through their unpaired electrons, the lone pairs of the heteroatoms, or the doubly occupied π orbitals of the aromatic system. Matrix isolation experiments provide evidence for the formation of a π complex between 1 and water. By combining computational and experimental techniques we identify the possible interactions between the aromatic radicals 1–3 and water, predict the structure and vibrational spectra of the resulting complexes, and analyze the effects of substitution and temperature

Evaluation of four methods for extracting micronutrjents in soils of the Cauca Valle

To evaluate available micronutrients in soils from north and central areas of Cauca Valley, sampies of surface horizons of 30 soils were collected. Iron, Cu, Mn and Zn were extracted with: a) EDTA 0.01M + NaHCO3 0.5M; b) HCI 0.05N + H2SO4 0.025N; c) DTPA 0.05M, and d) HCI 0.1N. Available Boron (B) was extracted by using Ca (H2PO4)2 H20 0.008M; HCI 0.05N and NH4 OAc pH 4.8. To correlate the amount extracted from the soil with the amount taken up by the plants, tomato, sorghum and beans were planted in each soil. Microelements in tissue were determined by using nitric-perchioric acids mixture, and acid methanol digesting solutions for Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. Total B in tissues was determined in ashes by Hunder's method. DTPA was advantageous to evaluate Fe and Cu in soils, HCI H2SO4 for Mn, EDTA + NaHA03 for Zn, and both Ca (H2 PO4 )2 H20 and HCI for B. The nitric-perchloric mixture correlated the best with the soil extracting solutions. Low to medium soil contents of B were detected for the area studied by using Ca (H2PO4 )2 H20 as extracting solution. The HCI + H2SO4 extracting solutions gave low contents of Cu in 16.7% of the soils analyzed, Zn deficiencies in 10% of the soils, and Fe in many of them. When Zn was determined using DTPA13.47o of soils were deficient, and only 10% when NaHCO3 + EDTA was used.Con el propósito de determinar el contenido disponible de los micronutrientes en suelos de las zonas norte y centro del Valle del Cauca y de evaluar cuatro métodos de extracción, se recolectaron 30 muestras de suelos en diferentes localidades de esa región. Para determinar el contenido de Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn se usaron 4 métodos: a) el EDTA 0.01M + NaHCO3 + 0.05M; b) el HCI NO.05 + H2SO4 0.025N; c) el DTPA 0.05M y d) el HCl 0.1N. El boro (B) disponible fue extra(do con Ca (H2PO4)2 H20 O.00BM, HCI 0.05N y NH4 OAc pH 4.8. Con el objeto de correlacionar las cantidades extraídas mediante estos métodos, con las cantidades extraídas por las plantas, se sembraron en los mismos suelos plantas de tomate, sorgo y fríjol. Para Ia digestión de los tejidos se usaron Ia mezcla nítrico-perclórica y el metanol ácido, y se cuantificaron los microelementos Fe, Cu, Mn y Zn por absorción atómica. El contenido total de B en los tejidos se determinó mediante calcinadon a 550° C y posterior cuantificación colorimétrica de las cenizas, utilizando Azometina —H. El DTPA resultó adecuado para evaluar el Fe y Cu disponibles en los suelos analizados; el doble ácido Ic fue para el Mn; el NaHCO3 + EDTA, para el Zn, y el HCI 0.05N y Ca (H2PO4)2 H20, para evaluar el Boro. La mezcla nítrico-perclórica presentó mayor grado de asociación con los métodos de extracción que el metanol ácido. En suelos de las zonas estudiadas se encontraron contenidos bajos a medios de B, utilizando coma extractante el Ca (H2PO4)2 H20. Con el doble ácido se hallaron contenidos bajos de Cu en el 16.7% de los suelos, de Zn en el 102 y de Fe en Ia mayor(a de ellos. El 13.4% de los suelos resultó deficiente en Zn cuando se uso el DTPA, mientras que solo el 10% mostró deficiencia de este elemento cuando se utilizó el NaHCO3 051\1 + EDTA 0.01

Clinician ratings of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) in a representative sample of Spanish prison inmates: New validity evidence

The Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) is a concept map of psychopathic personality disorder (PPD). The CAPP- Institutional Rating Scale (IRS) is a tool designed to assess CAPP symptoms in institutional settings. The CAPP contains 33 personality traits organized in six domains: attachment, behavioural, cognitive, dominance, emotional and self. Until now, much of the CAPP research has been conducted out of clinical, forensic and correctional settings using self-ratings. In the current study, the psychometric properties and construct validity of the CAPP-IRS were evaluated in a non-convenience sample of 204 Spanish convicts. Clinician ratings were employed. Participants had been imprisoned for at least 6 months at Pereiro de Aguiar Penitentiary. This group of inmates was heterogeneous with respect to type of official charges, and representative as all convicts interned for at least 6 months in this prison were screened for participation. Classical test theory indexes of reliability, correlations between CAPP items and domains and external correlations and structural analyses demonstrated that CAPP assessment is a solid and robust way of evaluating psychopathy in a correctional setting. Best fit was found for a three-factor model: attachment and emotional items associated with a callous and unemotional trait, dominance and self items associated with a pathological interpersonal style, and behavioural and residual items from other domains associated with impulsivity